Interactivity (from the English. Interaction - "interaction") - a concept that reveals the nature and extent of interaction between objects or subjects. It is used in the areas of: information theory , computer science and programming , telecommunication systems, sociology , design , in particular , interaction design , and others.
Currently, among the specialists of these areas there is no specific well-established definition of the meaning of this term [1] .
Nevertheless, this term, in general terms, can be defined as follows:
Interactivity is the principle of organizing a system in which the goal is achieved by the information exchange of the elements of this system.
Elements of interactivity are all elements of an interacting system, with the help of which interaction with another system / person (user) takes place.
Content
- 1 degree of interaction
- 2 In information systems
- 3 In programming systems
- 4 In advertising
- 5 See also
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
Level of Interaction
The nature of the interaction consists in reflecting the extraverted translations of the reaction (information response of the internal structural inertia) of the counterparty to the system-determined calls ( extremism , aggression , intervention ) of environmental agents, which, in turn, is perceived as messages of corresponding properties.
Entities interact by transmitting some kind of information.
From the point of view of the degree of interaction, the following cases (levels) can be considered under interactivity:
- linear interaction (1 :) , or lack of interactivity when the message being sent is not related to previous messages;
- reactive interaction (1: 1) when the message is associated with only one immediately previous message;
- multiple or interactive interaction (1: m) , when a message is associated with many previous messages and with the relationships between them.
Sometimes interactivity in a given series of communication interactions is defined as an expression of the degree to which a third-order (or later) message is related to the level of interaction of the previous information exchange (messages) with even earlier exchanges (messages).
Interactivity is similar to the degree of response , and is investigated as a communication process in which each message is associated with previous messages, and with the ratio of these messages to messages preceding them.
In Information Systems
Interactivity is the ability of an information and communication system to actively and adequately respond to user actions. This property is considered a sign that the system is "smart", that is, it has some kind of intelligence. .
In this sense, the ability to call or send SMS to any television program during the broadcast is not yet interactivity. Although, if all the information received from viewers or users will be processed in a certain way, broadcast on the air at the current time (or with a slight delay), and based on it specific solutions will be developed (from a sufficiently large set of available), then this system can will be called interactive (in general - quasi- interactive).
Models of human-machine interaction (HCI) usually deal with three elements: people, machines, and interactivity, represented as cyclically occurring interactions between them ( input-output ), nevertheless, the nature of interactivity is generally poorly understood [1] .
On the Internet, one of the participants in the interaction is, of course, a person. In order to talk about another subject, one should single out the goals pursued by a person on the Internet:
- receiving the information;
- communication with other people.
Interaction can be carried out with:
- Internet resource
- another person with whom this user communicates through Internet services (e-mail, ICQ, web-forum, etc.).
In programming systems
In traditional programming systems , interactivity is fundamentally limited by the translation stage, which separates the introduction of changes from their testing.
In interactive systems, there is no separate stage of translation; the application consists of the same objects both at development time and at runtime. Moreover, the absence of a breakdown into the instrumental and executive environments allows the use of the same tools both during development and during execution, so you can change a working application and immediately see the result of this change.
Interactive animation is realized only through programming.
The level of interactivity is a complex concept that includes the “complexity” of the model, the number of physical parameters embedded in the model, the number of options for assembling the model, etc.
By the level of interactivity, several examples of animation can be cited.
The simplest example: playing animation by clicking on the "hot" zone is a principle often used in children's educational games and textbooks.
The physical model of an object is the most complex type of animation, in which the system allows the user to change certain parameters. This changes the behavior of the system.
The very concept of interactive animation is used very often to mean completely different things.
Consider the usual computer animation . Three-dimensional animation is now a useful tool for providing various information. Over the past 20 years, many different tools for creating animations have been created. Most of them adhere to the following rules:
- The animator determines the position of objects in the virtual world at specific intervals.
- Corresponding software calculates intermediate positions.
In Advertising
Interactivity is now widely used in advertising [2]. In the USA, advertising with the possibility of interactive interaction has been developed - Just Touch technology, based on the Touch screen - a special touch panel has the ability to respond to hand movements and touching the screen when choosing the right product (you it’s still possible to find specific models or brands, but at the same time you can view all similar products). Also, wireless and M2M technologies are widely used today to create interactive advertising. [3] With their help it is possible not only to remotely control advertising sources, but also to preset various settings according to which a particular advertising content will be displayed on certain days, hours or even under certain weather conditions.
See also
- Human-computer interaction
- User interface
- Interactive programming languages
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Wiberg, 2010 .
- ↑ Interactive Advertising Examples Archived October 26, 2011 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Alex Mostovoy Interactive revolution: M2M technologies came into advertising Archived copy of April 10, 2014 on Wayback Machine .
Literature
- Wiberg, Mikael. Interaction per se: understanding “the ambience of interaction” as manifested and located in everyday & ubiquitous IT-use (Eng.) // International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence. - 2010 .-- Vol. 2 , no. 2 .