Rashet, Yakov Ivanovich

Born December 22, 1744 in France in the family of the sculptor Dominique Rachet of Montpellier and Claudie Bienfe. In the 1760s he studied at the Danish Royal Academy of Fine Arts , at the same time participated in art exhibitions, in which in 1763 and 1764 . his works were marked with small and large gold medals, respectively. In 1771 - 1779 J.-D. Rashet taught at the Berlin Academy of Arts , from 1772 - with the rank of professor .

In 1779, he was invited to Russia by the Prosecutor General, Prince A. A. Vyazemsky, as a model master of the Imperial Porcelain Factory in St. Petersburg . Yakov Ivanovich Rashet (that is how he was called in Russia) became famous for the famous series of figures “The Peoples of the Russian State”, which has great historical, ethnographic and artistic value. Arabesque service ( 1784 ) and other samples of the Russian porcelain industry (in particular, a 27-centimeter bust of Catherine II ) were also created according to Rashet’s models. He worked at the factory until 1804 .

Ya. I. Rashet made a significant contribution to Russian sculpture of the late XVIII century . He is the author of five gilded bronze statues of the Peterhof Grand Cascade of Fountains, namely: the figures of Juno , Jupiter , Galatea , two groups " Naiad with Triton " ( 1806 - 1809 ). Another sculpture of Jupiter the Thunderer is kept at the Academy of Fine Arts .

Rashet owns portrait busts and statues of a number of prominent figures in Russian history and culture: academician, mathematician and physicist L. Euler (marble bust made for the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ), philanthropist P. A. Demidov , field marshal P. A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky (bronze monument was erected by Count S.V. Vorontsov in the temple of the city of Glukhov in Ukraine ), a tombstone to Prince A. A. Bezborodko in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra . In the image of the ancient Cybele, Rashet immortalized Catherine II (a copper statue was erected in 1788 in Tsarskoe Selo ). He created marble busts of G.R.Derzhavin and his wife. On this occasion, the poet wrote verses where there is such a stanza:

Ready idol, desired by me -
Rashet portrayed him,
He is cunning with his hand
I was revived in stone.

More than 20 works by Ya. I. Rashet are exhibited at the State Hermitage , the State Russian Museum , the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Among his works can also be called the sculptural decoration of the Governing Senate ( 1779 ) and the Tauride Palace , the Cold Bath with the Agate Pavilion and bas-reliefs in the Cameron Gallery in the Catherine Park of Tsarskoye Selo ( 1785 - 1787 ). Ya. I. Rashet was the author of many - meter bas-reliefs on the porticoes and attics of the Kazan Cathedral .

For his services to the development of Russian artistic porcelain, Y. I. Rashet was granted July 20 (31), 1785, the title of Academician of the Russian Academy of Three Noble Arts. In 1786, by the Decree of Empress Catherine II “for the jealousy and diligence that he rendered to the service,” he was promoted to the rank of college assessor .

In 1794 he was elected associate professor, in 1800 he received the title of professor.

In 1806, Yakov Ivanovich Rashet was sworn in "for the eternal citizenship of Russia." He was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree. At the end of his life, he was awarded a diploma on the construction of dignity in the noble Russian Empire and a noble coat of arms.

He died on June 10 (22), 1809 in St. Petersburg.

J. I. Rashet married on October 25, 1765 in Copenhagen with Esther Christina Van Docum (? - 1825 ). Spouses Rashet had 9 children. Yakov Ivanovich was the founder of the Russian branch of the Rashet clan. Many of its representatives were famous and outstanding people of his time and, like him, left a significant mark in the history of Russia. They were all united by selfless service to the Fatherland, by high moral and moral virtues.

• Rashetova street

• Gasselblatt G.V., Rochet S.N. Mining engineer Vladimir Karlovich Rashet and his relatives (inaccessible link)
• Lomonosov porcelain manufacture St. Petersburg, 1744-1994