Danishmend Gazi ( Turkish : Danishmend Gazi ), full name is Gumustekin Danishmend Ahmed Gazi ( Turkish : Gümüştekin Danishmend Ahmed Gazi ) (? —1104) - medieval commander, founder of the Danishmendi dynasty.
Origin
Matthew of Edessa "Chronography" [1] : That same year Danishmend died, the great emir of the country of the Romans. He was an Armenian by birth, a good husband, benefactor for people, sympathizing with the Christian faith. And there was a great grief among the Christians that were under his rule. He left behind twelve sons, and his eldest son, Ghazi, succeeded him, before which he secretly put all his brothers to death. |
In the original sources there are several versions, including the legendary, about its origin. The Byzantine historian Nikita Choniates attributed to him a descent from the Arshakids dynasty. According to Matthew of Edessa and Vardan the Great, he was of Armenian descent [2] .
Nigdeli Qadi Ahmed (XIV century) called him the nephew of the Seljuk sultan Melik Shah sent by him to conquer Cappadocia ; Isedn Saddad Isedn considered him the uncle of the mother of the Sultan Suleiman ibn Kutulmish , a Koni , or one of the commanders of the Seljuks in the Battle of Manzkert in 1071. According to the epic Danishmend-name, he was a native of Malatya [2] .
According to a number of modern historians, he was of Armenian origin [3] [4] and professed Islam [3] .
Biography
The Turkish scholar M. Bayram writes that Danishmend Ghazi was the son of a Turkmen Danishmend Ali Taylu, a teacher (Danishmed) of Seljuk Hinedan. He himself, like his father, being an educated man, was called Danishmend Ahmed Ghazi or Ibn Danishmend. His father, Ali Tailu, was a teacher of Seljuk princes in Khorezm and Mavernakhr (Bukhara) [5] .
He became known in Anatolia as a fighter for the faith ( ghazi ) during the turmoil that followed the death of the Sultan of the Horses , Suleiman ibn Kutulmish [6] .
The defeat of the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert allowed the Turks, including the forces of Danishmend, to occupy almost the whole of Asia Minor . Danishmend's troops occupied central Anatolia, including the cities of Neokesariya , Tokat , Sivas, and Evhayta.
During the First Crusade, Danishmend Gazi was directly in the path of the Crusaders. In 1097, he was on the losing side of the Battle of Dorilee , but in 1100 he managed to capture Boemond I. Continuing the campaign, he went south and in 1103 took Malatya .
Gumyushtekin Danishmend Ahmed Gazi died in 1104 and was buried in Nixar . After him, his son Emir Ghazi Gumyushtekin became the ruler of the Danishmend state.
Danishmendme
Danishmend Gazi is the main character of the Turkish epic Danishmend Name.
Notes
- ↑ Matthew of Edessa . Part 3 // Chronography . - Lanham, NY, 1993. - p. 21.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopedia of Iranik . Article: Dānešmand
- 2 1 2 Richard G. Hovannisian "The Armenian People from the Ancient to the Modern Times" Vol. 1. Chapter 10 Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods by Robert Bedrosian:Original Text (Eng.)He didn’t really need to be able to live his life. Intermarriage is not only between the families of the civil servants and the Turkish lords of the state. This is a minority of minorities. Evidence even suggests that he is a Muslim Armenian. It is true that it is true of its inner circle. Danishmendid coinage usually was stamped with the cross and / or a bust of Christ.
- ↑ Matti Moosa, Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects , Syracuse University Press, 1987. Page 12
- ↑ M. Bayram. The Religious and National Politics of the Danişmend Oğulları ( Neopr .) 131 - 147. TÜRKİYAT ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ. The appeal date is May 1, 2014.
- ↑ Bosworth K.E. "Muslim dynasties". Article: Danishmendida, p. 181.
Literature
- Mélikoff Irène. La geste de Melik Dānişmend: étude critique du Dānişmendnāme . - Dépositaire: A. Maisonneuve, 1960. - 382 p.
- BAYRAM Mikâil. Danişmend Oğulları'nın Dinî ve Millî Siyaseti // Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi. - P. 131-147.
- Özaydın Abdülkerim. DÂNİŞMEND GAZİ // Islam Ansiklopedisi. - 1993. - Vol. 8. - p. 467-469.
- Özaydın Abdülkerim. DANİŞMENDLİLER // Islam Ansiklopedisi. - 1993. - Vol. 8. - P. 469-474.
- Ocak Ahmet Yaşar. DÂNİŞMENDNÂME دانشمندنامه // Islam Ansiklopedisi. - 1993. - Vol. 8. - p. 478-480.
- Yazici Tahsin. DĀNEŠMAND // Encyclopaedia Iranica. - Vol. VI, Fasc. 6. - p. 654-655.
- Mélikoff I. Danishmendids // Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition / Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel, WP Heinrichs .. - Leiden: BRILL. - Vol. Ii. - P. 110-111.