Prince Dmitry Aleksandrovich Khilkov (November 13, 1857 - October 15, 1914 ) - Russian politician, Tolstoyan , revolutionary from the princely family of Khilkov .
| Dmitry Alexandrovich Khilkov | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 D. A. Khilkov in Cossack uniform | ||||
| Date of Birth | ||||
| Place of Birth | ||||
| Date of death | ||||
| Place of death | Valley , Carpathians | |||
| Citizenship | ||||
| Occupation | ||||
| Education | Page Corps | |||
| The consignment | Party of Socialist Revolutionaries | |||
| Main ideas | Sweatshirt | |||
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Content
Biography
Born in the family of Prince Alexander Dmitrievich Khilkov (1834–1887, nephew of General S. A. Khilkov ) and his wife Yulia Petrovna Dzhunkovsky (1837-1916, cousin of the Moscow governor V.F. Dzhunkovsky ). A student of the Page Corps , then an officer of the Life Hussar Regiment. He participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 . At the end of her service in the Caucasus, where he met with the Dukhobors .
In 1884 he retired and settled on the Pavlovka estate in the Sumy district of Kharkov province. In 1885, he sold land at three hundred and eighty dessiatines at a low price to peasants, and he, leaving himself allotted seven acres, began to live his own personal agricultural labor. In 1887, Khilkov entered into correspondence with Leo Tolstoy and became a supporter of Tolstoyism . His house turned into a sectarian center.
Khilkov was married without church marriage to Cecilia Vladimirovna Wiener (1860-1922), the daughter of his acquaintance in the Caucasus, Colonel Vladimir Ivanovich Wiener, and also a follower of Tolstoy. Their children were not baptized, which, according to the then Russian laws, deprived them of their condition and title. This caused extreme dissatisfaction with the mother of D. A. Khilkov, Yulia Petrovna Khilkova.
Combining spirituality with the views of Tolstoy, Khilkov began to preach among the peasants. K.P. Pobedonostsev in a letter to Alexander III of November 1, 1891 pointed to the corrupting activities of Khilkov:
| Unfortunately, the madmen who believed in Tolstoy are as obsessed as he is with the spirit of indomitable propaganda and strive to put his teachings into action and carry them out to the people. There are already many such examples, but the most striking example is Prince. Khilkov, a guard officer who settled in Sumy county, Kharkov province, distributed the whole land to peasants and, based on a farm, preaches the Tolstoy gospel to peasants, with the denial of church and marriage, on the basis of socialism. One can imagine what effect it produces on an ignorant mass! This evil grows and spreads already to the borders of the Kursk Bay., In an area where a restless spirit has long been noticeable among the people. It is already 5 years now that I write about this to the governor and to the ministry, but I can’t achieve decisive measures, but meanwhile Khilkov has already managed to corrupt the whole population of the village of Pavlovka and neighboring villages. He sends both near and far harmful sheets and pamphlets that the peasants believe. |
In February 1892, Khilkov was administratively deported to Transcaucasia. The place of exile was assigned to the Dukhoborsky village of Bashkhet, Borchalinsky district of Tiflis province. In 1896, Khilkov was transferred to the county town of Weissenstein in the Estland province.
In exile
In 1898 he received permission to go abroad. After a short visit to the Tolstoy colony in Purley in England, Khilkov traveled to Canada in August 1898, where he examined the sites for the alleged Doukhobors relocation and was in talks with the Canadian government about relocation. Among the people involved in arranging the Dukhobors in a new place, disagreements broke out over financial issues. Khilkov was accused of not examining the important economic and climatic factors when inspecting the land proposed by the Canadian Immigration Committee, because the Canadian government bribed Khilkov.
Having settled in Geneva in July 1899, where his family was, Khilkov collaborated with the Social Democrat V. D. Bonch-Bruevich and V. M. Velichkina . He collaborated in the Tolstoy edition of Free Thought and participated in the creation of the Marxist journal Life. He also collaborated in the Iskra newspaper. At the same time, he collaborated with the Conversation, a religious publication of evangelical Christians .
Beginning in September 1901, Khilkov published a series of revolutionary anti-government brochures under the general title "Folk Leaflets." Among them was a pamphlet compiled by himself, “On Street Riots (Military Thoughts),” calling for an armed struggle with the government. Khilkov advised the formation of "tens" and fighting squads for armed struggle. In 1902, Khilkov went over to direct propaganda of mass terror , declaring that every revolutionary should be a terrorist.
In 1903, Khilkov joined the party of socialist revolutionaries , was a member of the foreign committee of the Social Revolutionaries. He actively participated in the conspiratorial work of the revolutionaries.
In Russia
In November 1905, Khilkov returned to Russia and settled in his farm Pavlovka. His views again underwent a radical change: now he is becoming a fervent Orthodox and zealous apologist for the church. The former Tolstoyan and former revolutionary persuades his sons to devote themselves to military or public service.
In 1910, both daughters of the prince, Olga and Elizabeth, committed suicide by taking poison. According to the priest Nikolai Chepurin, who knew the Khilkov family closely, “the girls had to be between three completely different and antagonizing influences: grandmother (Julia Petrovna Khilkova - the mother of Dmitry Alexandrovich - was an inveterate monarchist), father and mother (Cecilia Vladimirovna Wiener - the wife of Dmitry Alexandrovich - unshakable supporter of Tolstoyism). As a result of these three influences, both of them left nothing in their hearts, no faith, no beliefs, except terrible chaos and discontent. ”
When the war of 1914 began , Khilkov decided to return to military service again. By personal order of Nicholas II, he was appointed military foreman of the Kuban 3rd Khopersky regiment, in which he served during the years of the Russian-Turkish war. October 15 [1] 1914 he was killed in the Carpathians in intelligence.
Dmitry Alexandrovich was buried in the Pavlovka farm, next to his daughter. In October 2010, monuments were erected on the graves of the prince and princess. [2] The grandson of Dmitry Alexandrovich, Alexei Khilkov, as of 2002, lives in Mytishchi [3] .
Works
- Notes by D. A. Khilkov // Chertkov V. G. Abduction of the Khilkov children. B.M., 1901.
- Khilkov D.A. Terror and the mass struggle. // Bulletin of the Russian revolution. 1905. No. 4. P. 225—261.
- Khilkov D. A. On the method of beekeeping priest Yushkov. Sumy, 1912
- Khilkov D. A. Letters from Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich Khilkov: In 2 issue. Sergiev Posad, 1915-1916.
Notes
- ↑ O. N. Naumov, Prince B. M. Khilkov. The history of the family of princes Khilkov. Yekaterinburg, Ural Publishing House, 2008
- ↑ Turn of Khilkov // Bilopilshchina: newspaper. - 2010-10-23. No. 131-132
- ↑ Noble's Nest - MK publications archive
Links
- Mazur V. A. Going through the throes of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich Khilkov // Bulletin of the Ural State University. - 2000. - No. 15. - S. 75-95.
- Khilkov D.A. Letter to Tolstoy L.N., August 1, 1891
- Camfield, Graham (1999) From Tolstoyan to terrorist: the revolutionary career of Prince DA Khilkov, 1900-1905. (eng.)
- O. N. Naumov, Prince B. M. Khilkov. The history of the family of princes Khilkov. Yekaterinburg, Ural Publishing House, 2008