Internal guard

Internal Guard

At the beginning of 1811, by several decrees of Emperor Alexander I, local garrison companies and county teams subordinated to civil authorities, and performing duties for the protection of internal order, were transferred from civilian jurisdiction to military subordination. At their base, in the provincial cities of European Russia, internal garrison battalions were formed, consolidated into internal guard brigades, which, in turn, were united into internal guard districts. Headed the internal guard Adjutant General EF Komarovsky .

The “Regulation for the Internal Guard” was approved, according to which it was used:

1. to assist the execution of laws and court sentences;
2. for the capture, prosecution and extermination of robbers and the scattering of the forbidden places prohibited by law;
3. to pacify disobedience and violence;
4. to catch the fugitive, departed criminals and deserters;
5. for prosecution of prohibited and secretly transported goods;
6. in aid, the free movement of domestic food;
7. to facilitate the collection of taxes and arrears;
8. to preserve the order and tranquility of the church rites of all confessions, by the law of the tolerant;
9. to maintain order at fairs, trades, folk and church festivals, etc .;
10. to accept and escort recruits, criminals, prisoners and prisoners;
11. for the departure of the military, overdue vacations, to their teams;
12. on fires, for assistance with river spreading and the like;
13. to detach the necessary sentries to offices, prisons and prison;
14. for escorting the treasury, and, moreover, for use to the grooves at the opening of leather-work and to guard the guilty before sending them to court.

Initially, 8 internal police districts were formed, each commanded by a district general with the rank of major general . The district consisted of 2-3 brigades consisting of 2-4 battalions . The battalions were stationed in the provincial cities and bore their name (Astrakhan, Minsk, etc.). Each county town housed a disabled team. Subsequently, the number of districts reached 12.

Separate Internal Guard Corps

In 1816, parts of the inner guard were consolidated into a separate inner guard corps.

On October 2, 1829, the Minister of War Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshev conferred kraps (kanty) of krap color to the ranks of the Separate Corps of the Internal Guard .

In 1853, the Separate Corps of the internal guard consisted of 523 garrison battalions and two half battalions, 564 disabled, 296 point and five salt teams (numerically equal to the platoon). Only about 145 thousand people.

In 1858, the strength of the Separate Internal Guard Corps was 3,141 officers and generals , 180,236 non-commissioned officers and soldiers .

Local Troops

In 1864, as a result of military reform, the Separate Internal Guard Corps was abolished and local troops were created, which included some provincial battalions reorganized into battalions of local troops. As a part of the local troops, convoy teams were also formed that escorted prisoners and exiles, as well as partially carrying external prison guards.

In 1886, a convoy guard was formed from the convoy teams, still part of the local troops, and was under operational control of the Main Prison Administration (GTU).

The commander of the Corps of Fighters (until 1816 the position was called Inspector of the Internal Guard) was also an assistant to the Minister of War of Russia, the imperial period:

• Komarovsky, Yevgraf Fedotovich , adjutant-general , lieutenant-general from August 30, 1816, general from infantry from July 25, 1828 (July 7, 1811 - October 18, 1828);
• Kaptsevich, Petr Mikhailovich , General of Artillery (September 29, 1828 - April 1840);
• Reibnitz, Karl Pavlovich , Lieutenant-General (May 1840 - March 25, 1843);
• Trishatny, Alexander Lvovich , lieutenant general (March 25, 1843 - February 21, 1847);
• Hartung, Nikolai Ivanovich , Lieutenant-General (March 23, 1847 - May 8, 1857);
• Launitz, Vasily Fedorovich von der , lieutenant general (May 9, 1857 - August 9, 1864).

By the beginning of 1853, the CAF consisted of:

• control;
  • 52 garrison battalions;
  • two half battalions ;
  • 564 disabled teams ;
  • 296 step teams ;
  • five salt teams .

In total, in the states, 145,000 people ^[5] personnel.

• Internal troops
• Separate corps of gendarmes

• The highest approved instruction to the Inspector of the Internal Guard No. 24893 of November 30, 1811 // Full Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire (PPSRI). SPb. : Type of. II Sections of His Own Imperial Majesty's Office, 1830. Collection I. T. XXXI. C. 915-916.
• On the naming of the Internal Guard by the Separate Corps of the Internal Guard: Name, declared in the circular of the Inspection Department No. 26216 dated March 30, 1813 // PPSRI. SPb .: Type. II Sections of His Own Imperial Majesty's Chancellery, 1830. Collection I. T. XXXII.
• Internal Guard // Brockhaus and Efron Small Encyclopedic Dictionary : 4 tons. - St. Petersburg. , 1907-1909.
• Internal Guard // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Internal Guard // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.

• Sysoev Nikolay. " Ancestor. First Commander of the Internal Guard of Russia Adjutant General EF Komaprovsky". Journal of Internal Troops "On the battle post", No. 3 - 1996, p. 7 - 13.
• The history of internal troops.