Ferroplasma ( lat. Ferroplasma ) is a genus of archaea from the family Ferroplasmaceae [1] , whose representatives do not have a cell wall . Unlike thermoplasma , the structure of the membrane of the ferroplasm is different; this archaea does not have tetraeter lipids .
| Ferroplasma | |||||||||||||
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Ferroplasma Golyshina et al. 2000 | |||||||||||||
Content
Description
Representatives of the genus chemolithotrophs and extreme acidophils - grow optimally at temperatures around 35 ° C and acidity around pH 1.7. To generate energy, ferroplasma oxidizes iron ions Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ with a by-product - acid , and uses CO 2 as a carbon source (it is an autotrophic organism ).
Ferroplasma grows in mines and waste rocks that contain pyrite , which they use as an energy source. The extreme acidophilic nature of ferroplasma allows it to lower the pH of its environment to very low values.
Discovery History
Ferroplasmas were first discovered in 2000 in the bioreactor of a pilot metallurgical plant in Tula. A unique feature of the organism was a large number of metalloproteins (proteins containing metal atoms) - of the 189 identified proteins, 163 (86%) contained iron, while in most other organisms, including related ones, the number of metalloproteins does not exceed 10-20%. Many ferroplasm metalloproteins had metal-free analogues in other organisms [2] . In particular, the enzyme α-glucosidase, discovered in 2005, contains iron, unlike other glycoside-hydrolase enzymes that do not contain metals [3] . Attempts to remove the iron atom from metalloprotein led to its denaturation and loss of functionality [2] .
It is assumed that the abundance of metalloproteins is an echo of the ancient history of the evolution of living organisms that developed in the microcavities of pyrite crystals. Initially, inorganic compounds containing iron played the role of catalysts for various biochemical processes, then these functions switched to more efficient protein enzymes, which included iron as a structural and functional component [2] .
Classification
As of June 2017, 1-3 species are included in the genus [4] [1] :
- Ferroplasma acidarmanus Dopson et al. 2004 - missing from
- Ferroplasma acidiphilum Golyshina et al. 2000 typus
- Ferroplasma thermophilum Zhou et al. 2008 - not in LPSN
See also
- Metallotolerant organisms
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Taxonomy Browser: Ferroplasma : [ eng. ] // NCBI. (Retrieved July 22, 2017) .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ferrer M., Golyshina OV, Beloqui A. et al. The cellular machinery of Ferroplasma acidiphilum is iron-protein-dominated // Nature. - 2007. - Vol. 445. - P. 91-94. - Abstract .
Review in Russian: A. Markov. Near the ferroplasm microbe, almost all proteins contain iron . - ↑ Ferrer M., Golyshina OV, Plou FJ et al. A novel α-glucosidase from the acidophilic archaeon Ferroplasma acidiphilum strain Y with high transglycosylation activity and an unusual catalytic nucleophile // Biochem. J. - 2005. - Vol. 391. - P. 269-276. - DOI : 10.1042 / BJ20050346 .
- ↑ Genus Ferroplasma : [ eng. ] // LPSN. (Retrieved July 22, 2017) .
Literature
- Kuzyakina T.I., Khainasova T.S., Levenets O.O. Biotechnology for the extraction of metals from sulfide ores // Vestnik KRAUNTS. Earth sciences. - 2008. - No. 2, issue 12. - S. 76—86.
- Baker-Austin C., Dopson M., Wexler M. et al. Molecular insight into extreme copper resistance in the extremophilic archaeon 'Ferroplasma acidarmanus' Fer1 // Microbiology. - 2005. - Vol. 151. - P. 2637-2646. - DOI : 10.1099 / mic.0.28076-0 .
- Dopson M., Baker-Austin C., Hind A. et al. Characterization of Ferroplasma Isolates and Ferroplasma acidarmanus sp. nov., Extreme Acidophiles from Acid Mine Drainage and Industrial Bioleaching Environments // Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - Apr. 2004. - Vol. 70, no. 4. - P. 2079-2088. - DOI : 10.1128 / AEM.70.4.2079-2088.2004 .
- Golyshina O., Timmis KN Ferroplasma and relatives, recently discovered cell wall-lacking archaea making a living in extremely acid, heavy metal-rich environments // Environ. Microbiol. - 2005.— Vol. 7, no 9. - P. 1277-1288. - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1462-2920.2005.00861.x .
- Golyshina OV, Pivovarova TA, Karavaiko GI et al. Ferroplasma acidiphilum gen. nov., sp. nov., an acidophilic, autotrophic, ferrous-iron-oxidizing, cell-wall-lacking, mesophilic member of the Ferroplacmaceae fam.nov., comprising a distinct lineage of the Archaea . // International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology - 2000. - Vol. 50. - P. 997-1006.
- Golyshina OV, Yakimov MM, Lünsdorf H. et al. Acidiplasma aeolicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a euryarchaeon of the family Ferroplasmaceae isolated from a hydrothermal pool, and transfer of Ferroplasma cupricumulans to Acidiplasma cupricumulans comb. nov. // International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. - 2009. - Vol. 59 - P. 2815-2823. - DOI : 10.1099 / ijs.0.009639-0 .
- Hawkes RB, Franzman PD, O'hara G., Plumb JJ Ferroplasma cupricumulans sp. nov., novel moderately thermophilic, cidophilic archaeon isolated from an industrial-scale chalcocite bioleach heap // Extremophiles. - 2006. - Vol. 10. - P. 525-530.
- Pivovarova TA, Kondrat'eva TF, Batrakov SG et al. Phenotypic Features of Ferroplasma acidiphilum Strains YT and Y-2 // Micribiology. - 2004. - Vol. 71. no 6. - P. 698-706. - Abstract .