Elijah Pechersky is a monk of the Kiev Pechersky Monastery . Holy Russian Orthodox Church , revered in the guise of the saints , commemorates on September 28 ( October 11 ), in the Cathedral of the Reverend Fathers of the Kiev Pechersk Caves and December 19 ( January 1 ).
| Elijah Pechersky | |
|---|---|
 Icon of the Rev Ilya Muromets | |
| Birth | ? (1150-1165) Murom |
| Death | ? (1203) |
| Monastic name | Elijah Muromets |
| In the face | reverend |
| Main shrine | relics in the nearby caves of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra |
| Day of Remembrance | December 19 ( January 1 ) |
| Attributes | monastic robe, sword |
It is considered a possible prototype of the epic Ilya of Muromets [1] [2] .
Content
Epic Ilya of Muromets or Saint Elijah of Kiev Pechersk
Some researchers and Russian Orthodoxy consider the prototype of the epic character to be a historical strongman nicknamed “Chobotok”, a native of the village of Karacharova near Murom . Some nineteenth-century historians also suggested that Karachev and Morovsk might have been his homeland [3] .
Chobotok took monasticism in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra under the name Elijah and was canonized as "the Monk Iliya of Muromets" (canonized in 1643) [4] . Elijah Muromets died around 1188. Memory according to the church calendar - December 19 (January 1) .
The first written information about him dates back to the 1630s; early tradition dates the life of Elijah to the 12th century; Researchers date the 11th – 12th centuries. In 1594, the ambassador of the Roman (Germanic) emperor Erich Lassot reported in his notes about Elijah Muromets and Chobotka as different people: most likely, seeing the destroyed tomb and relics in the cave, he did not assume that they could belong to the same person. He was told that Chobotok was a hero and wore his nickname since he once fought off the enemies with a chobot [5] - that is, a boot .
In Murom there are numerous legends about Elijah; Muromites of Gushchins are considered to be his descendants, hereditarily possessing great strength (for example, one of the Gushchins, who lived at the end of the 19th century, was even forbidden to participate in fist fights). The hut of Elijah is believed to have stood on that spot in the village of Karacharov (now part of Murom), where the house of one of the Gushchins now stands; nearby is the Trinity Church, which Elijah, according to legend, personally folded, carrying trunks of oak-firewood from the river [6] .
The relics of Elijah Pechersky
Local veneration of the Monk Elijah began at the end of the 17th century, when the Pechersk archimandrite Varlaam (Yasinsky) established the celebration of the Cathedral of the Reverend Fathers of the Near Caves [7] . General veneration of the church began after the permission of the Holy Synod in the second half of the 18th century to include the names of a number of Kiev saints in the general church month’s words [7] .
Currently, the relics of Elijah Muromets rest in the Near Caves of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Part of the relics of Elijah - the middle finger of the left hand - is located in the Transfiguration Monastery of the city of Murom.
In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR conducted an examination of the relics of St. Elijah of Muromets. Studies of the relics showed that the reverend was a large man and had a height of about 180 cm (high growth for the Middle Ages). He found signs of a spinal disease (epic Ilya from birth to 33 years old was paralyzed). The cause of death was probably the blow of a sharp instrument (spear or sword) in the chest, through the left arm covering the chest. Death occurred at the age of about 40–55 years [8] .
It is believed that he died during the capture of Kiev by Prince Rurik Rostislavich on January 2, 1203 , accompanied by the defeat of the Pechersk Lavra by the Polovtsy allied to Rurik. In that case, he was to be born between 1150 and 1165 . In the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra itself, it is believed that after a serious wound, Ilya decides to end his days as a monk and tonsure his hair at the Theodosius Monastery (now the Kiev Pechersk Lavra) .
The absence in Kiev-Pechersk Patericon of the mention of the life of the Monk Elijah indirectly indicates that the holy warrior managed to spend not so much time in monastic deeds.
Rev. Elijah rests in a prayer position, folding his fingers on his right hand two-fingered . Opponents of Nikon’s reforms use this fact as an argument in favor of the old double-faced addition [7] .
The rector of St. Basil’s Cathedral, Father John Lukyanov, visiting Kiev on his way to Jerusalem in 1711, describes the relics of the saint as follows:
February 2, on the feast of the Presentation of the Lord, by a meal in the Pechora Monastery ...; and a hang-out to the St. Anthony's Cave ... Immediately by the image of the brave warrior Elijah of Murom, incorrupt under the golden cover, the growth of the present large people; his left hand is pierced with a copy; an ulcer all to know on a hand; and his right hand depicts the sign of the cross.
- Journey to the holy land of Priest John Lukyanov // "Russian Archive", vol. 1-12 for 1863, count. 42–43
Memory
Ilya Muromets is considered the patron saint of the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces and the Border Service of Russia [9] .
Several Orthodox churches were consecrated in honor of the saint, including a church in the village of Vlasikha (Odintsovo-10) in the Moscow region , in the Dnieper ( Ukraine ) [10] .
The monument to Ilie Muromts Pechersky in 2018 was installed in Rubtsovsk [11] .
Notes
- ↑ Miller V. Ilya Muromets // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1894. - T. XIIa. - S. 949-951.
- ↑ Athletes // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- ↑ “ In connection with the epic relations of I. to Chernigov and with the old nicknames of I. Muromets (Murawlenin y Kmita of Chernobyl 1574, Morowlin y Lyassota, Murawitz y Luis de Castillo, etc., see“ Ethnographic Review ”, III , 204; V, 248) an assumption was made about the oldest attachment of I. Muromets to Chernihiv. the city of Morovsk (Maroviysk) and the city of Karachev (see "Excursions", p. 181-190), which preceded the confluence of the hero to Murom and s. Karacharov. ”/ Ilya Muromets // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Olga Glagoleva. Rev. Elijah of Muromets, Pechersky / Orthodoxy.Ru . pravoslavie.ru. Date of treatment June 30, 2019.
- ↑ Chobot , chobots - boots; men's and women's shoes, high shoe, ankles, boots with pointed toes up. Dictionary V.I. Dahl. // Choboty pl. local - shoes such as deep shoes or high heel boots, with pointed toes bent upwards; any worn shoes. The new dictionary of the Russian language. Compiled by T.F. Efremova. Moscow: Russian language, 2000.
- ↑ Memory of the legendary hero Elijah of Murom was honored with liturgy in the churches and temples of ancient Murom [1]
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ilya Pechersky // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2009. - T. XXII. - S. 307-315. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89572-040-0 .
- ↑ Rev. Ilya of Muromets. Historical personality and epic hero . Magazine Bell Magazine - www.mgarsky-monastery.org (January 1, 2015). Date of treatment May 5, 2015.
- ↑ Day of the Strategic Missile Forces 2019: what date, history and traditions of the holiday . www.kp.ru. Date of treatment June 30, 2019.
- ↑ http://xram-iliya-muromec.io.ua/
- ↑ A monument to Ilya Muromets erected in Rubtsovsk . TVNZ. Barnaul (05/08/2018).
Literature
- Sergey Khvedchenya. Passion for Elijah // Around the World , No. 1 (2640), January 1994
- The autocracy of the spirit of St. Petersburg, Tsarskoe Delo Publishing House, 1996.