Phragmipedium Besse [1] ( lat. Phragmipedium besseae ) is a species of perennial herbaceous plants of the Orchidaceae family .
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Phragmipedium besseae | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Latin name | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Phragmipedium besseae Dodson & J. Kuhn , 1981 |
The species does not have a well-established Russian name, in the Russian-language sources the scientific name Phragmipedium besseae is more often used.
Content
Synonym
According to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew [2] :
- Paphiopedilum besseae ( Dodson & J. Kuhn ) VA Albert & Börge Pett. 1994
Natural species and their synonyms
According to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew [2] :
- Phragmipedium besseae var. besseae
- syn. Phragmipedium besseae var. flavum braem , 1990
- syn. Phragmipedium besseae f. flavum (Braem) O. Gruss & Roeth , 1999
- Phragmipedium besseae var. dalessandroi ( Dodson & O. Grass ) A.Moon & PJCribb , 1997
- syn. Phragmipedium dalessandroi Dodson & O.Gruss, 1996
Etymology
The species is named after Mrs. Elizabeth Locke Besse, who was not only the first European to find this species, but also made a significant contribution to the study of tropical plants [3] .
Biological Description
Escape sympodial , do not form pseudobulbs .
The roots are well developed.
The leaves are dark green, leathery, up to 13-30 cm long, up to 2-5 cm wide.
Peduncle 30-40 cm tall. Inflorescence 1-6 flowering.
Flowers 6–9 cm in diameter, red, yellow, or yellowish red.
Chromosomes : 2n = 26 (metacentrics 10, telocentrics 16, nf 36) [4] .
Distribution and environmental features
Colombia , Ecuador (Azuay, Morona-Santiago, Zamora-Chinchipe [5] ), Peru ( Torpato [6] ).
Lithophytes and land plants on steep rocks composed of volcanic rocks , near rivers, at altitudes of 1400-1800 meters above sea level.
The average temperature in the places where the species grows is 17–20 ° C [4] .
Endangered Species Protection Problem
Protected view. Included in Appendix I of the CITES Convention.
Fragmipedium Besse is now easily accessible to collectors. Established its mass cultivation of seeds. Wildlife reintroduction is being carried out in southern Ecuador and northern Peru [7] .
In Culture
Phrag. besseae was used in the creation of most hybrids of fragmentediums created in the late 20th century. Before its appearance in the culture, the only species of frampediums with red flowers was Phragmipedium schlimii . Hybrids featuring Phrag. besseae inherit relatively compact sizes and sequential opening of flowers [8] .
Daytime temperatures: from 25–27 ° C, nighttime temperatures of 15–17 ° C [9] .
Contain in plastic and ceramic pots with several drainage holes at the bottom. Plastic pots should be white to avoid overheating of the roots in the sun.
Possible substrate components: pieces from 0.5 to 1 cm of pine bark , diatomaceous earth , mineral wool , coconut chips, sphagnum , peat , perlite , charcoal . The proportions of the components of the substrate are selected depending on the relative humidity in the room and the size of the pot, the pH of the mixture is about 6.
The substrate inside the pot should never dry completely, while the roots should not have stagnant water. Well suited for semi- hydroponic culture. Watering plants is preferably carried out with distilled water or water that has been purified by reverse osmosis [8] .
Relative humidity of at least 50-60%.
In nature, plants were observed in moderately shaded places [4] . In culture, plants are recommended to be kept at 1000–2000 FC [9] , according to other sources, 1000–1500 FC [8] . It is recommended that this species be kept on the western and eastern windows and shaded from direct sunlight in the middle of the day.
Transplantation is carried out annually after flowering. Large plants are transplanted every two to three years.
There is no rest period.
Diseases and Pests
Notes
- ↑ The name "Fragmipedium Besse" is used in the translation of the book Hedgehog Zdenek, Orchids. Illustrated Encyclopedia. Publisher: Labyrinth, 2005
- ↑ 1 2 World Checklist of Phragmipedium besseae . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ↑ Dodson, CH, and J. Kuhn. Phragmipedium besseae - A New Species from Peru. American Orchid Society Bulletin 50, no. 11 (Nov 1981): 1308-10.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Species essay Fragmipedium Besse on Stephen Manza - Slipperorchids.info
- ↑ Finds of Fragmipedium Besse on Tropicos
- ↑ Hedgehog Zdenek, Orchids. Illustrated Encyclopedia. Publisher: Labyrinth, 2005
- ↑ Cribb, PJ “Phragmipedium kovachii - An Amazing Discovery and Highly Threatened Orchid.” Orchid Conservation News 4 (May 2004): 19-20.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Phragmipedium besseae on orchidboard.com Archived May 27, 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Phrag. besseae on The Gore Orchid Conservatory. (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 9, 2010. Archived June 30, 2010.
Literature
- Hedgehog Zdenek. Orchids Illustrated Encyclopedia. - Labyrinth, 2005. - ISBN 5-9287-1134-4 .
- Lucyk K , 2006, Phragmipedium dalessandroi - Phragmipedium besseae - Unterscheidungsmerkmale Arten. Orchidee 57. (5): 587-591.
- Oakeley H , 2001, Ecuador revisited Phragmipedium besseae, and other orchids, at home. Orchid Rev. 109. (1240): 245-247
- Gruss O , 1998, Two peculiar species of the genus Phragmipedium and their hybrids Phragmipedium besseae et Phragmipedium dalessandroi. Caesiana no. 11.41-58
- Dalstrom S , 1997, Phragmipedium besseae, a living legend. Selbyana 18. (1): 6
- Moon A, Cribb P , 1997, Thoughts on the identity of the red phragmipediums. Orchid Rev. 105. (1216): 227-230
- Venter HJ , 1997, Phragmipedium besseae and its hybrids. S. Afr. Orchid J. 28. (4): 133-134
- Torelli G , 1994, Phragmipedium besseae o Paphiopedilum besseae? Orchidee Spontan. Coltiv. 7. (1-2): 18-21
- Gerosa N , 1993, Phragmipedium besseae Dodson et Kuhn. Intermezzo febb .. 3-4
- Dodson CH , 1992, Phragmipedium besseae. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 61. (12): 1214-1218
- Braem GJ , 1990, Phragmipedium besseae. Schlechteriana 1. (2): 50-56
- Bergstrom B , 1989, The great Phragmipedium besseae Caper. Orchid Dig. 52. (1): 22-26
- Embree A , 1989, Notes on Phragmipedium besseae Dodson and Kuhn, including cultural hints. Orchid Dig. 53. (3): 119—122
- Robbins S , 1989, Phragmipedium besseae. Orchidaceae. Kew Mag. 6. (4): 156-159
- Karasawa K , 1988, Karyomorphological observations on Phragmipedium besseae Dodson et Khun, Orchidaceae. Bull. Hiroshima Bot. Gard. no.10. 47-50
- Senghas K, Bockemuhl L , 1988, Phragmipedium besseae Dodson und Kuhn 1981. Orchidee 39. (5): center page pullout (2p.)
- Hegedus LS, Stermitz FR , 1986, Further facts on Phragmipedium besseae. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull., 55. (4): 367—369
- Douglas T , 1982, Sarasotan discovers rare new orchid species valued at $ 1,500 up. Florida Orchidist, 25. (2): 64
- Stawitzski C , 1982, Det kan stadig ske. Phragmipedium besseae. Orchideer 3. (8): 140-141
- Dodson CH, Kuhn J , 1981, Phragmipedium besseae: a new species from Peru. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull., 50. (11): 1308-1310
Links
- Fragmipedium. Zhukova M., Moscow Society of Orchid Lovers (Russian)
- Photos of Fragmipedium Besse on flickr.com
- Fragmipedium Besse. View sketch on Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
- Phragmipedium Rolfe (link unavailable )
- Fragmipedium Besse view essay on Stephen Manza - Slipperorchids.info
- Taxonomy of Fragmipedium Besse on the Tropicos website