Biryulevsky Arboretum ( Biryulevsky Arboretum ) - a nursery park, created to select the most resistant to the temperate climate of Moscow tree species and further landscaping of the city. The second among Moscow parks after the Botanical Garden in terms of the number of rare species of trees and shrubs [1] .
Biryulevsky arboretum | |
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Nameless ravine on the northern outskirts of the arboretum | |
basic information | |
Square | 135.3 ha |
Established | 1938 year |
Status | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. No. 771420769740005 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
Location | |
A country |
|
Area | Biryulevo East |
Underground | Tsaritsyno Orekhovo |
Content
Geography
The park is located on the territory of the East Biryulevo in the western part of the Biryulevo forest park , which is part of the natural and historical park Tsaritsyno .
The area of the arboretum is 135.3 hectares, including the 5th quarter of the Biryulevsky forest park and natural territories adjacent to the park [2] . 188 species, varieties and forms of woody-shrubby vegetation were planted on 505 mother plantations, a road network was laid, and three reservoirs were built.
History
The arboretum was created in 1938 by the dendrologist engineer Vsevolod Konstantinovich Polozov at the site of the Biryulyovo Fire Wasteland [3] .
First of all, Polozov began preparing the territory and improving the soil. About 20 hectares of the territory was cleared, plowed and fertilized. To improve the quality and structure of the soil, lupine was used as a green fertilizer. For planting took 2-3-year-old seedlings grown in their nursery from seeds and cuttings . Imported planting material was generally excluded. Large deciduous - oak , horse chestnut and nuts were sown by seeds in places of their constant growth. Landings weeded and loosened 3-4 times per season.
Groups of plants were separated from each other by meadow lawns or plantings of decorative herbaceous perennials . One tree species and one or more types of shrubs were planted in each bed. Two tree species were planted nearby only if their ecological proximity was justified or when they were each other's companions in natural communities. The ridge area was calculated based on the size of the crown of one adult tree. This was done so that each plant felt free, tree crowns did not deform during growth and all the decorative qualities of the plant could be considered [4] .
The German aerial survey of 1942 shows that over 4 years dendrological work covered about 70% of the territory of the Dendropark within the Biryulyovo stream from the confluence of the Turtle to the current sakura grove and northern ravine [5] .
In the winter of 2017-2018, after the reconstruction of the ponds of the Dendropark, the construction of an amphitheater and embankments of the Biryulyovskiy stream, the largest-scale clearing of fallow lands and planting alleys in the section from Tuevaya Alley to Dugovaya and from Kizilnikovaya Alley to Dendroparkovaya Street began in 50 years. In January 2018, large-scale restoration landings were carried out on some alleys and newly created uterine sites. During 2018-2019, it is planned to plant up to 50 thousand new seedlings and expand the species collection [6] .
Historical Facts
The maps of 1923 [7] and 1929 [3] show the planning solutions that have been preserved to this day:
- road on the site of the modern alley from the Shokoladka pond to the railway tracks (it’s probably the 4th and 8th rays of the old layout) [8]
- the road from the stop "Lipetskaya street" to Pikhtova alley;
- the road on the section of the Big or 1st Spruce Alley from the intersection with the Fir Alley to the Small Circle or a little to the west;
- the road on the site of most of the northern half of the Topolevoy alley.
On a topographic map of the Moscow province of General Schubert in 1832 there is a transcript preserved in the modern appearance of the park [9] [10] [11]
Flora
About 250 species of plants grow in the arboretum. The most valuable for the landscaping of Moscow are introducers - species of trees and shrubs imported from North America and the Far East [12] - Siberian cedar and Weimutov pine , Siberian and plain fir , Menzies lies , paper birch , Amur velvet , white acacia , Manchurian aralia , Skum aralia , action rough, coastal grapes . 33 hectares of land are occupied by plantations of natural origin: pine , oak , maple , elm , linden , aspen , poplar . Most of them are birch forests [2] . The park is equipped with glades with ornamental shrubs, groups of spruce gray , alleys from the western thuja , etc. There is a sakura grove. In 2010, as a gift from a Japanese philanthropist, 80 sakura seedlings were brought into the park and planted [13] .
Part of the territory of the park is occupied by uterine sites of white acacia , Manchurian apricot , green-throated maple, arctic thuja , Siberian cedar , weeping willow , red oak , filamentous cypress , whole-leaved fir , Manchurian walnut , European forge-weed , spring-flowering potato worm , rosemacea bloom , mountain flowering , mountain bean , from Siberian cedar and 15 alleys [14] :
No. | Name of the alley | Length (in meters) | Types of trees |
---|---|---|---|
one | Birch Alley | 700 | Weeping birch |
2 | Spruce alley | 620 | European spruce |
3 | Maple alley | 600 | Norway maple |
four | Chestnut Alley | 390 | Horse chestnut |
five | Elm alley | 200 | Elm smooth |
6 | Linden alley | 250 | Small-leaved linden |
7 | Linden alley | 710 | Large-leaved linden |
eight | Tuevaya Alley | 140 | Thuja western |
9 | Tuevaya Alley | 50 | Thuja western |
ten | Rowan alley | 160 | Mountain ash |
eleven | White Acacia Alley | 490 | White Acacia |
12 | Larch alley | 580 | Siberian larch |
13 | Ashen Alley | 120 | Common ash |
14 | Ashen Alley | 150 | Pennsylvania ash |
15 | Fir alley | 150 | Siberian fir |
Fauna
Small animals live in the forest park - mole , squirrel , white hare , hedgehog , weasel , ermine and birds - long - eared owl , oriole , song thrush , forest horse , kings , three species of representatives of the falcon family [15] and common owl [16] .
How to get there
- From Tsaritsyno metro - by buses No. 203, 245, 679, 761 to the Elevatornaya Street, Pedagogical Street, and Biryulevsky Arboretum stops;
- From the Kantemirovskaya metro station - by bus No. 690, minibus No. 1020, trolleybuses No. 11, 11k to the stop. "Elevator Street", "Pedagogical Street", "Biryulevsky Arboretum";
- From the metro station " Kantemirovskaya " - by buses No. 901, 901k (express buses) to the stop. "Elevator Street" or "Biryulevsky Arboretum";
- From the station “ Biryulevo-Tovarnaya ” - by buses No. 162, 245 to the stops “Biryulevo dendropark”, “Pedagogical street” or “Elevator street”.
Notes
- ↑ Symbols of Moscow: city, administrative districts, regions, 2003 , p. 133
- ↑ 1 2 Southern Administrative District, Biryulyovo Vostochny District . Moscow parks (March 9, 2017). Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Moscow and the Moscow region on the map of the Red Army 1929 . Retromap Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ Tsaritsyno: Arch. ensemble. Park, 2001
- ↑ German shooting: Tsaritsyno . Retro View of Mankind's Habitat (April 11, 2010). Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ Moscow official website .
- ↑ Map of Moscow environs 1923 . Retromap Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ German map of Moscow 1940 . Retromap Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ Secret of the Biryulevsky Arboretum (inaccessible link) . Museum of History and Local Lore “Biryulyovo and Its Environs” (June 5, 2011). Date of treatment March 24, 2017. Archived on April 19, 2012.
- ↑ A map of the Moscow environs of 1878, focused on a hill near the mouth of the Biryulevsky Stream at the confluence of the Cherepishka . Retromap Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ See also the map of the environs of Moscow in 1878 . Date of treatment March 24, 2017. Archived November 21, 2011.
- ↑ Biryulevsky arboretum . Directorate of the natural territory “Tsaritsyno”. GPBU "Mospriroda". Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ "Sakura Grove" will appear in the Biryulevsky arboretum in the south of Moscow . RIA Novosti (2010-10-28,). Date of treatment March 24, 2017.
- ↑ Alleys of the Biryulevsky Arboretum (inaccessible link) . Museum of Local History "Biryulevo and its surroundings." Date of treatment March 25, 2017. Archived April 17, 2013.
- ↑ Sakura of a Japanese philanthropist . Southern horizons (August 19, 2016). Date of appeal March 25, 2017.
- ↑ Biryulevsky Arboretum has got a new pet . Museum of History and Local Lore “Biryulyovo and Its Environs” (August 18, 2009). Date of treatment March 25, 2017. Archived on April 19, 2012.
Literature
- Berdnikova T., Dokuchaeva O. Tsaritsyno: Arch. ensemble. Park // Almanac "Treasures of Russia"; Vol. 35. - St. Petersburg: ABRIS, 2001.
- Luzhkov, Y. Symbols of Moscow: city, administrative districts, regions. - Profizdat, 2003 .-- S. 133.
Links
- Biryulevsky arboretum on the site "Moscow Parks"