Independent independent ( Latin: dativus absolutus ) is a revolution characteristic of a number of Slavic languages : Old Slavonic , Church Slavonic and written monuments of the Old Russian language .
Content
- 1 In Slavic languages
- 2 In the Baltic languages
- 3 notes
- 4 References
In Slavic languages
In Slavic languages, the phrase “dative independent” was a combination of a noun or pronoun in the dative case with the participle agreed with it and expressed the meaning of time, less often, causes or concessions. The subject of the turnover usually did not match the subject of the proposal ; sometimes he was absent altogether [1] . In modern Russian, such a revolution is translated by the subordinate sentence of time, reason or concession: dr.-Russian. and having defeated the regiment and defeating олropolk - “and when both troops fought, Yaropolk defeated” ( Ipatiev Chronicle ); Mstislav, who was struggling with him, began to crawl away - “since they fought for a long time, Mstislav began to exhaust” ( Lavrentievsky Chronicle ) [2] , senior glory. eat and drink ten and three. tolikou sѫstu. do not hold back , “even though there were one hundred and fifty-three of them [fish], the net did not break” ( Zograph's Gospel ) [1] .
In Church Slavonic texts, “dative independent” is most often a tracing-paper of the “genitive independent” Greek language from which these texts were translated [3] .
In the Old Slavonic language, as well as in ancient Russian monuments of a church-book nature, the dative independent was widespread. In the process of loss of declension by short participles on the East Slavic soil, the turnover is destroyed, in which the participle in its structure appears in the form of a nominative case : but now you have to remember the meaning of the speech of your squads (Lavrentievsky Chronicle) [2] . At present, circulation is preserved only in those dialects of the North Russian dialect that have not lost the declension of short forms of adjectives and participles: in East Novgorod, Vologda , Vyatka , Pomeranian , parts of Kostroma and Ladoga-Tikhvin dialects .
In the Baltic languages
In the Latvian language, there is a syntactic construction in which the subject of the action is put in the form of the dative case, and the action itself is expressed with the help of the participle -ot (ies) :
- Skolotājam klasē ienākot, skolēni pieceļas. - When the teacher enters the class (when the teacher enters the class), the students stand up.
- Vakaram iestājoties, ielas tiek apgaismotas. - When evening comes (eveningfall), the streets are lit.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Ivanova T. A. Old Slavonic language: Textbook. - 4th ed., Rev. and more .. -SPb. : Avalon, ABC classic , 2005 .-- S. 204. - 240 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-352-01185-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 Ivanov V.V. Historical grammar of the Russian language: Textbook. for stud. filol. specialist. Fak. high boots and ped. in-com. - 2nd ed., Rev. and more .. - M .: Enlightenment , 1983. - S. 381-382. - 399 p. - 80,000 copies.
- ↑ Library / IV. Grammar: syntax / Natalia AFANASYEVA
Church Slavonic Textbook - Orthodox Journal of the Holy Fire
Links
- 3.4.6. Dative independent. Constructions, forming a temporary relationship // Humanitarian Russia