Rutul

Rutul is located in the southeastern part of the Rutul region, in the upper reaches of the Samur River valley , at the mouth of the Lalaan and Rutul rivers, 280 km south-west of the city of Makhachkala . To the north of the village passes the Samursky ridge , and to the south - Helmets-Akhtynsky .

Village education

In the traditions of the formation of the village, it is said that Rutul arose as a result of the merger of seven clan settlements: Mygrad (located between the villages of Kiche and the current Rutul), Syrggad (between Rutul and Knyuh ), Mukygid dzhabyr (in the delta of a stream flowing in the middle of the village), Yukyub tsud gad (tsud guide), Lykhtsyyrak , Rusu , Malakyaddy . The initiator of the association of tribal settlements is considered to be someone Kyubai . Residents from Mygra moved to Akhid Mag магle ; they also associate the name of the place in Rutul Mygra-Gaza . The inhabitants of Syrgg moved to Khurad Mag магle ; Mukgyuuhdyad , Mukgyguid dzhabyr , Lykhtsyyrak - in the karchydy magele , and Malakdydy - in the karchydy magele . ^[3]

In 1226 , according to local epigraphy , capital construction was carried out here ^[4] .

In the XIII century , during the time of the Mongol invasion, Rutulu and Tsakhur managed to avoid dependence on the Golden Horde and form two large communal alliances ^[5] . ^[6]

Mention is made of the existence of education and book culture centers in Rutul and Tsakhur from the beginning of the 12th century , the prevalence of Arabic and local literacy, and crafts (metalworking, construction, etc.) ^[7]

In the 15th century, the Rutul Free Society was formed with its center in Rutul.

In 1536, the Rutul bey in alliance with the Kazikumukh shamkhalst attack, ruin and burn Akhty . In 1541, the Akhtyn Hassan-Bek Ibn Muhammad-Bek, supported by the ruler of Derbent, Alhas-Mirza ad-Darbandi, attacks, loots and burns Rutul. In 1542, the Rutulians, with the support of Cuba , again plundered Akhty. ^{[8] [9]} .

In 1839 , in response to General Golovin ’s capture of Nuhi as the result of Samur’s campaign by General Agabek Rutulsky, Danial-bek Ilisuisky occupied Rutul, but Agabek Rutulsky did not give up and received more and more support from Borch . The Rutul free society was liquidated, and its territory was annexed to the Russian Empire , in which Rutul belonged to the Rutul naibstvo of the Samur district of the Dagestan region .

In 1907, the Rutula community had a livestock of sheep and goats with a total number of 22.5 thousand heads ^[10] . In 1914, a one-class secular school was opened in Rutul, where about 20 children studied ^[11] . In 1929, Rutul became the administrative center of the newly formed Rutul region .

Since the second half of the XIX century. increased trade ties with neighboring nations and between the rules themselves. At the bazaars in Nukha, Kazikumukh and other large villages, rutuli sold surplus livestock products and purchased bread, handicrafts, and factory goods. In 1892, a weekly bazaar was opened in Rutul, which lasted several years. Constant trade was concentrated in shops that contained rutuli. ^[12]

The national composition of the village according to the 2002 census:

• Rutulians - 3632 people. (91.8%)
• others - 326 people. (8.2%) ^[18]

In Rutul, there are 61 representatives of tukhum ( patronymia ): Kӏirzilier, Sagyider, Chilkhuyer, Gyali-Yusufar, Messiyer, Kӏombarar, Chaaikyyer, Emeder, Khaayarhyer, Adyar Khyler, Kiyerjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjärjar, Bakyyer, Kadimer, Artuhyer, Keter, Gyӏsanhanar, Dealer, Tanhyer, Jyryhyer, Temezer, Palacher, Sulier, Halakiyer, Bitsanyer, Kariyer, Tkiyer, Faler, Sanduyeryergyerkeryergyerkeryergyer Gyuӏmyer, Matsanar , Kunkunar, Lakküyer, Dzidzıhyer, Shintӏiyer, Bitӏiyer, Sukhyuyer, Kazatiyer, Kuzukyyer, Shitӏaniyer, Shebetiyer, Magaӏramar, Kakakalyer, Uӏmyer . ^[nineteen]

• Map sheet K-38-95 Rutul . Scale: 1: 100,000. 1977 edition.