Kostitsyn, Vladimir Alexandrovich

Father - Alexander Vasilievich Kostitsyn, graduated from the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University , in Efremov he taught history, Russian, German; his father was a descendant of Pugachev’s Ivan Kostitsyn, who entered Orenburg to kill the governor Klingenberg and raise the mob, but was captured. Mother - Olga Vasilievna (nee Raevskaya), daughter of a priest, from the family of General Raevsky ^[1] .

In 1886, the family moved to Smolensk in connection with the appointment of his father to the position of teacher in Smolensk. In 1902, V.A. Kostitsyn graduated from the Smolensk Men's Classical Gymnasium .

In 1902-1907 he studied at the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University . He took an active part in the events of the revolution of 1905-1907; participant in the December uprising in Moscow , was part of the Moscow military organization of the RSDLP. From a military organization, he was delegated to the Tammerfort Conference of Military and Military Organizations of the RSDLP (November 1906), where he made a report on the Moscow uprising. After the conference, he was a member of the interim bureau of military combat organizations.

In the summer of 1907 he was arrested, involved in the case of the military organization of the RSDLP, in 1908 he was released, but he was expelled from the university ^[2] .

After his release, he emigrated first to Vienna, then to France, where he met the Bolsheviks R. S. Zemlyachka , V. I. Lenin , N. K. Krupskaya .

In the fall of 1909, V. A. Kostitsyn entered the University of Paris (Sorbonne), where he continued his studies in mathematics. In 1912, his article on systems of orthogonal functions was published in the Mathematical Collection. At this time, his work appeared in the Astronomical Bulletin of the Paris Observatory, in the Izvestia of the Paris Academy of Sciences.

In 1915, Kostitsyna's first wife, Serafima Ivanovna Nadeina, died of fleeting consumption . In 1916 he returned to Russia to participate in the war with Germany, mobilized in the army, served in the reserve aviation battalion in Gatchina, then was sent to officer political courses of aviation at the Polytechnic Institute in Lesnoy.

During the February Revolution he headed the police of the Forest District of Petrograd. He was a member of the pro-French Social Democratic group Unity.

Since August 1917, Deputy Commissioner of the Southwestern Front N.I. Iordansky . He participated in the suppression of Kornilov’s speech and the investigation of the activities of its participants. He supervised the dispatch of the “Berdichev Group” of generals arrested on the Southwestern Front, led by Denikin, to Bykhov Prison , and is therefore mentioned in Denikin’s memoirs ^[3] . As deputy front commissar, Kostitsyn organized resistance to the attempt to seize power by the Bolsheviks in Vinnitsa immediately after the October coup in Petrograd, which was one of the last effective actions of supporters of the Provisional Government. The uprising led by Lieutenant Zubrilin, organized with the active participation of Eugene Bosch , was crushed with minimal casualties (no more than a dozen on both sides), but Bolshevik propaganda, calling for revenge, wrote about "1,500 dead" ^[4] . When approaching Vinnitsa, the troops loyal to the Bolsheviks retreated to Berdichev , along with those who remained faithful to the Provisional Government.

In the spring of 1918, V. A. Kostitsyn returned to scientific activity; his scientific interests from the field of mathematics began to shift to the field of astronomy.
In 1919, Kostitsyn married Julia Ivanovna Grinberg (1899-1950), the daughter of the famous merchant, Ivan Grigorievich Grinberg ^[5] .

In 1919, knowing about Carl Zeiss ’s developments in the field of optics, as well as about the work of physicist, engineer and architect Walter Bowersfeld (1879-1959), in particular, he developed the construction technology for the final shell coating with good load-bearing qualities , called the “ geodesic dome ” VA Kostitsyn spoke about the establishment of the Moscow planetarium ( Moscow planetarium was opened in 1929 on the initiative of DB Ryazanov c using equipment from Carl Zeiss - shortly after opening in 1925, the first full square in the world netariya at the home of the famous optics Carl Zeiss in Jena ).

Since May 1919, Kostitsyn is an assistant professor of mathematical analysis at the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University. In 1920, as a member of the Commission for the Study of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) , he gave a correct mathematical prediction of the nature of this rich iron ore deposit. At the same time, he actively participates in the work of the organizing committee of the Main Astrophysical Observatory , publishes his studies of globular star clusters in her works. Together with V.V. Stratonov, he acted as the organizer of the State (in 1921 - Russian) Astrophysical Institute (GAFI), which in 1931 became part of the SAI . Kostitsyn in 1922 headed the theoretical department in it.

In 1922, he supported the professors of Moscow State University in their struggle for independence and normal living conditions, which ended with the expulsion from the country of a large group of philosophers and V.V. Stratonov , who was then dean of the University of Physics and Mathematics.

At the end of 1928 he went on a business trip to France and, having learned about his upcoming arrest at home, decided to not return . In France, Kostitsyn moved away from astronomy, mainly dealing with problems of mathematics, mathematical biology and climatology.

June 22, 1941 was arrested by the German occupation authorities , who were aware of his pro-Soviet views. He was imprisoned in the concentration camp of Royale (organized by the Nazis near the city of Compiègne , Picardy region), where he was sitting in the same hut with M. M. Filonenko . After being released from the camp in March 1942, he returned to scientific activity.

The author of many works in mathematics, astronomy, zoology, ecology and the theory of evolution. After the death of the wife of Julia Ivanovna, a major biologist, V.A. Kostitsyn began to write memoirs and a diary. His memoirs are in RGASPI ^[5] .

I want to collect all my memories of you. I have no one to talk to ^[6] . Details that are close and dear to me will cause only boredom in others, and in others, even good friends, hostility, since human nature is complex and there are many contradictions in it.

- Kolyagin Yu.M., Savvina O.A. Dmitry Fedorovich Egorov. The path of a scientist and a Christian. - M .: PSTGU, 2010 .-- S. 117. - 302 p.

Laureate of the Montion Prize of the French Academy of Sciences (1942). His book “The Evolution of the Atmosphere, Biosphere, and Climate (1984)” was published in Russian.

He was buried in a cemetery in Ivri on June 4, 1963.

Kostitsyn mathematically investigated the structure of star clusters (the first publications in Paris - 1910, then in Moscow - 1926), the shapes of spiral nebulae (1926), studied the problems of stellar masses (1923), the radiant equilibrium of stellar atmospheres (1928), and the problems of cosmogony.
Under his editorship, a collection of translations of classical works on cosmogony with his introductory article (1923) was published.
In 1928, he published the pamphlet The Advances in Astronomy in the USSR.

• Simbiose, parasitisme et évolution: (étude mathématique) / par VAKostitzin. Hermann. 1934
  
• Evolution de l'atmosphère: circulation organique, époques glaciaires / par VAKostitzin. Hermann. 1935
  
• Applications des équations intégrales: (applications statistiques) / par VAKostitzin. Gauthier-Villars. 1934
  

In Russian

• Kostitsyn V.A. Evolution of the atmosphere, biosphere and climate = Evolution de l'atmosphere: Circulation organique epoques glaciaires / Per. with french N.K. Burova; Ed. and with the foreword. N. N. Moiseeva . - M .: Science . The main edition of the physical and mathematical literature, 1984. - 96 p. - 11,200 copies.

• Kostitsyn V. A. Memoirs of the Compiegne camp (1941-1942) / Compilation, preparation of the text, introductory article, comments, annotated index of V. L. Genis . - M. , 2009 .-- 184 p. - ISBN 978-5-7164-0559-2 .
• Autobiography of Professor V. A. Kostitsyn. Publication of V. L. Genis // Questions of History. - 2010. - No. 10, 11; 2011. - No. 1, 4.
• The first conference of military and combat organizations of the RSDLP. / Ed. E. M. Yaroslavsky. - M. , 1932.
• Sidorov N.A. Unfamiliar Kostitsyn. Thirty-three notebooks // Nature. - 2001. - No. 4.
• Kolyagin Yu.M., Savvina O.A. Dmitry Fedorovich Egorov. The path of a scientist and a Christian. - M .: PSTGU, 2010 .-- 302 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7429-0611-7 .

• Bronshtan V. A. Soviet power and pressure on astronomy
• Professor Kostitsyn: fate of an objectionable Soviet patriot ( audio recording ) - interview with historian Vladimir Genis, Radio Liberty, March 14, 2010.
• GAISH in the faces.
• Kostitsyn Vladimir Alexandrovich (neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of treatment November 15, 2017.