The Ottoman Turkish alphabet ( Ottoman. الفبا ) was a variation of the Arabic alphabet and was used to write the Ottoman language in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic until November 1, 1928 , when, during the Ataturk reforms, it was replaced with a Latin- based alphabet .
Alphabet and Counting System
| Stand alone | At the end of the word | In the middle of the word | At the beginning of the word | Modern Turkish alphabet | MFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ا | ا | - | a, e | a, e | |
| ء | - | ||||
| ب | ب | ب | ب | b | b |
| پ | پ | پ | پ | p | p |
| ت | ت | ت | ت | t | t |
| ث | ث | ث | ث | s | s (θ) |
| ج | ج | ج | ج | c | d͡ʒ |
| چ | چ | چ | چ | ç | t͡ʃ |
| ح | ح | ح | ح | h | x ~ h (ħ) |
| خ | خ | خ | خ | h | x |
| د | د | - | d | d | |
| ذ | ذ | - | z | z (ð) | |
| ر | ر | - | r | r | |
| ز | ز | - | z | z | |
| ژ | ژ | - | j | ʒ | |
| س | س | س | س | s | s |
| ش | ش | ش | ش | ş | ʃ |
| ص | ص | ص | ص | s | s (sˤ) |
| ض | ض | ض | ض | d, z | d (dˤ) |
| ط | ط | ط | ط | t | t (tˤ) |
| ظ | ظ | ظ | ظ | z | z (zˤ ~ ðˤ) |
| ع | ع | ع | ع | ', h | Ø ~ |
| غ | غ | غ | غ | g, ğ | ɣ ~ ʁ |
| ف | ف | ف | ف | f | f |
| ق | ق | ق | ق | k | q |
| ك | ك | ك | ك | k, g, ğ, n | k |
| گ | گ | گ | گ | g, ğ | g |
| ڭ | ڭ | ڭ | ڭ | n | ŋ |
| ل | ل | ل | ل | l | l |
| م | م | م | م | m | m |
| ن | ن | ن | ن | n | n |
| و | و | - | v, o, ö, u, ü | v, o, œ, u, y | |
| ه | ه | ه | ه | h, e, a | h, æ |
| ى | ى | ي | ي | y, ı, i | j, i, i |
1 بر (bir)
2 ايكي (iki)
3 اوچ (üç)
4 درت (dört)
5 بش (beş)
6 التي (altı)
7 يدي (yedi)
8 سكز (sekiz)
9 طقوز or دوقوز (dokuz)
10 اون (on)
See also
- Turkish alphabet
Sources
- Kazem-Bek, A. K. Chapters I — III // General grammar of the Turkish-Tatar language . - 2nd ed. - Kazan, 1846. - P. 1—31.
- Ager, Simon Turkish language, alphabets and pronunciation (English) . Omniglot . Archived April 19, 2012.
- Pedersen, Thomas Table of Ottoman Alphabet Transliteration Systems (Ottoman Turkish) (English) (PDF). Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts (4 October 2002). Archived April 19, 2012.
- Pihan, AP Notice sur les divers genres d'écriture ancienne et moderne des Arabes, des Persans et des Turcs . - Paris, 1856. (fr.)