Kapagan Kagan

Before accession to the throne

The future kagan was a relative of Kat Il-khan of Bagadur-shad and the younger brother of Elterish kagan . In 682 he received the title “ shad ” from Elterish. In the Onga monument, an inscription on behalf of Kapagan informs of his numerous wars, including with the Tang empire, which the Turks continued to call the Tabghans . The victories of the rebelled Turks are explained by loyalty to the legal kagan. Kapagan urged his brothers and sons to support Elterish in everything ^[1] .

Beginning of the reign 693–697

After the death of the Elterish Hagan , unrest arose and Mochur came to power. Soon the Turks attacked Lingzhou. 18 Chinese commanders went in search of the kagan, but did not find it. As a result, Hyao Ge entrenched himself in Shofan to guard the border.

Li Jinzhong , the head of the Khitan , rebelled against imperial power and the kagan suddenly volunteered to crush the rebellion. The Chinese recognized him (迁善 可汗) as Qianshankehanem. Li Jinzhong died suddenly and the kagan easily defeated the Khitan. The Empress ordered to send him an award letter with a magnificent title (颉 跌 利 施 大 单于 、 立功 报国 可汗). But while the letter was on, the kagan had already turned troops against the Chinese and robbed Lingzhou and Shanzhou, did not advance further, since it was defeated.

In 697, the kagan made peace terms: 1. Empress Wu adopts him (recognition of the Tang / Zhou supremacy), 2. his daughters marry members of the imperial family, 3. transfer all Turks of six districts in Ordos to the kagan, 4. 100,000 xy millet, 3,000 units agricultural implements, several tens of thousands of gins of iron. In case of refusal, the khan threatened war. After long hesitation, the Turks were given grain, iron and subjects. Wang Wu Yanshu set off to give his daughter away as a warlike kagan, and a field procession of officials went with him. But Kapagan said that he wanted peace and kinship with the Tang Li, and not with the house of U. Therefore, the Kagan arrested the Chinese delegation and declared himself the protector of the Tang dynasty.

War of 697–698

The call of the kagan to protect Tang, became the reason for a new war. Yan Zhiwezh, head of the wedding procession, supported the kagan. Soon, 100,000 Turks attacked the northern border of the empire. The corps of Jinnan, Pindi and Qini were driven back, 5,000 people moved from the corps of Jinnanjun to the Turks. Kagan overlaid Guithan. The empress gathered 300,000 soldiers and appointed Wu Zhonggui as the central, Shachi Chzhuni as the western, Zhang Jintang as the eastern commander. Yan Jinyun and Li Dotszou with 150,000 strengthened the western army.

The kagan was moving rapidly: Yuzhou and Feihu were plundered, then the Dingzhou was ruined, Sun Yangao died at the hands of the Turks, and the empire suffered tremendous damage. The Empress promised the title of Prince of the 1st degree to anyone who would kill Capagan. The Turks surrounded Zhaozhou, Minister Tan Bojo began to negotiate with the Kagan. Gao Rui was killed and Xiangzhou attacked. The empress reorganized the army to defend the capital and returned the rightful heir to Li Xian from exile. Realizing that he could not destroy the entire imperial army, the kagan executed about 90,000 prisoners and returned to the steppe. The north of the empire lay in ruins, Chinese generals were afraid to pursue the Turks. The Türks regained the strength that they had before the reign of Li Shimin .

Wars 699-710

The entire 699 year was spent on the arrangement of the revived Kaganate. Kapagan distributed the warriors among his sons and ordered to constantly change the rate of the horde. At the immediate disposal of the kagan and sons were 60,000 soldiers. In 701, the kagan plundered the border, avoiding major clashes. In 702 he besieged Binzhou and took 100,000 horses from the province. Xiang Wang, the commander of the northern group of forces, did not dare to attack the kagan.

In 703, Mohe Dagan brought a kagan proposal to the capital, the marriage of his daughter and son Zhongzong, Turo Ili Tanhan gave 1000 horses, and the issue was considered resolved. In 706, the kagan again attacked China and defeated the Chinese army at the Battle of Minsha . The heavy cavalry of the Turks broke through the formation of the Chinese infantry and began to stab the retreating. The Türks plundered several areas and returned to the steppe. Chung-tzzung broke the marriage of his son and Kagan daughter and announced that he would make the 1st-degree prince of the one who would kill Kapagan. Zhang Jindan built three Shouxiangcheni fortresses at the Great Wall to fight the Turks.

Uprising in the Kaganate 710-716

In 710, Zhui Zong ascended the throne and the kagan asked for peace and kinship. The daughter of Prince Chen qi became his wife under the name Gin Shan. General Sun Quan was captured by the Turks and the kagan ordered him executed. The kagan set off on a campaign to the west, where he defeated the Mogemukrino , the Khitan and Chi were subordinate. Over the years, the kagan became cruel and uncontrollable and imposed a huge tribute on his subjects. Karluks , huluvu, shunishi broke away and asked for Tang citizenship. The Tatabs, Khitan, and even the Oghuz Turks revolted.

In 714, Xuanzong adopted the kagan's son, Yanvozhi Dele, who married Shu Wang's daughter. Kagan sent his son Ine-khan (along with Tunwo Dele and Hob Zelif Shishibi) at the head of an elite cavalry to attack Beitin. As a result, Guo Qianhuang defeated them, Tongwo died, and Hoba switched to the Tang side.

By 715, the kaganate was scattered into pieces. Kagan did not have time to crush the uprising. In Dzungaria his troops were utterly defeated. Kul-tegin, the son of Kutlug , the kagan’s nephew and brilliant commander, was able to defeat the majority of the rebels, but the kagan removed him from command. In 716, Kapagan defeated the Oghuz Turks. On the way back, he accidentally separated from the army and stumbled upon a group of Bayirku warriors in the forest who chopped off his head. He Linzuan brought the kagan's head to Xi'an .

Turkic advisers declared Kagan the son of Kapagan Inel Khan .

• Bilge kagan
• Kul tegin
• Tonyukuk

• Göktürks (Blue Turks)
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