Andrey Andreevich Lechner (1785-1869) - engineer-general of the Russian imperial army , commander of the Danube Engineering District, Izmail military governor (1853).
| Andrey Andreevich Lechner | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | 1785 |
| Date of death | April 28, 1869 |
| Place of death | Lausanne ( Switzerland ) |
| Affiliation |  Russia |
| Type of army | engineering troops |
| Rank | general engineer |
| Commanded | Danube Engineering District |
| Battles / wars | The war of the third coalition , the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809 , the Patriotic War of 1812 , the foreign campaigns of 1813 and 1814. , Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829 , Crimean war |
| Awards and prizes | Order of St. Anne 4th Art. (1808), Order of St. Vladimir , 4th art. (1809), Order of St. George , 4th art. (1813), Order of St. Vladimir , 3rd art., Order of St. Vladimir , 2nd art. (1828), Order of St. Anne , 1st art. (1829), Order of the White Eagle (1844), Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1855) |
Content
Biography
Lechner was born in 1785. He received primary education in a private educational institution and in 1803 joined the cadet in the Engineering Corps .
Produced as sub-lieutenant in 1805, he fought at Austerlitz in a campaign of the same year in Austria . In 1808-1809, Lechner took part in the war with the Swedes and distinguished himself in the siege of Sveaborg .
On December 21, 1810, Lechner, who was under the auspices of General Engineer P.K. Sukhtelen , was promoted from engineer-captain to major , and on February 9, 1811, he became lieutenant colonel [1] . In 1812, he fought with the French when they were expelled from the borders of Russia and then was on a trip abroad . He showed particular courage in the battle of Dennevice and in the battle of Leipzig ; here he found out that his corps would not take part in the battle, sought permission to fight as a volunteer, and with a small detachment, under strong enemy fire, took the main gate of the city . For such a selfless manifestation of courage, Lechner was promoted to colonel and on December 10, 1813 awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree (No. 2753 according to the cavalier list of Grigorovich - Stepanov).
On February 19, 1820, Lechner was promoted to major general and the following year he was appointed manager of the Danube Engineering District (then renamed to commander of this district).
In the campaign of 1828 against the Turks, he arranged for the troops to cross the Danube and the following year he was appointed chief of engineers of the 2nd active army. In this campaign, he took an active part in the siege of Silistria , the battle of Kulevchi, the capture of Slivno and Adrianople , was the commander of fortresses on the Danube and the Black Sea .
At the end of the war, Lechner returned to the post of commander of the Danube Engineering District [2] and held this post for over twenty years; December 6, 1837 promoted to lieutenant general .
With the opening of military operations against Turkey in 1853, Lechner initially remained in the former post of commander of the Danube Engineering District, and after the British-French troops landed in Crimea he was appointed military governor of Izmail , on March 27, 1855 he was promoted to general engineer ; at the beginning of 1856 he was also the head of the Izmail and Kiliysk fortresses and troops located along the Danube.
After the war ended in 1856, Lechner was appointed to be a member of the Engineering Corps and was fired on foreign leave, until his recovery from the disease; in 1865 he celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of his service in officer ranks [3] .
On April 28, 1869, Lechner died in Lausanne ( Switzerland ), where he spent the last years of his life.
Lechner is known for a number of technical improvements in military engineering and artillery, in particular he is considered to be an iso-metal of shock tubes for shells.
Family
As a colonel, Lechner married in Stockholm a poor Swede, Charlotte Bruce (1801–1874), who supposedly came from a noble Scottish family . This marriage took place thanks to the participation of Count Suhtelen , a lover of pretty girls, who married his adjutant to this Bruce. In St. Petersburg, according to K. Bulgakov , she “made a lot of noise with her beauty and was truly beautiful” [4] . Everyone was captivated by her face, figure and especially dances [5] . In the second half of the 1820s in Odessa, a young diplomat Philip Brunov entered into a relationship with the pretty wife of General Lechner. “Lechner found out about the connection, divorced his wife and, threatening a duel , forced Brunov to marry her. But Brunov himself was not jealous; he willingly left his wife alone with his boss, the then Odessa mayor, Count F. P. Palen ” [6] . However, the Brunovs lived very happily, and for the merits of her second husband Charlotte Adamovna was granted the cavalry ladies of the Order of St. Catherine (Small Cross) (06/09/1869).
Daughter Olga Andreevna (1825–27.08.1850) was brought up in the house of stepfather Baron Brunnov, along with her mother was a popular figure in English high society; died in London from scarlet fever.
Rewards
Lechner had a distinction for L years of immaculate service (1856) and was awarded many Russian and foreign orders, including:
- Order of St. Anne 3rd (since 1815 - 4th) degree (1808)
- Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow (1809)
- Order of St. George 4th degree (1813)
- Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree
- Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree (1828)
- Order of St. Anne 1st degree (1829)
- Order of the White Eagle (1844)
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (July 19, 1855)
Foreign:
- Swedish Order of the Sword (1813)
- Prussian Order of Pour le Mérite (1814; crown granted to this order in 1861)
Notes
- ↑ Moscow Gazette. 1811. Nos. 1 and 16.
- ↑ During his stay in the army, Colonel Ilya G. Zhevanov was correcting the post of district commander.
- ↑ In Lechner’s biography, the Russian Biographical Dictionary states that on the day of the 60th anniversary of his service, he received the Highest Rescrpit and the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called . However, in the Lists for Seniority Generals for 1866-1869, the last award he received indicated the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky in 1855.
- ↑ Bulgakov brothers. Correspondence. T. 1. - M .: Zakharov, 2010 .-- S. 743.
- ↑ F.F. Vigel. Notes: In 2 book. - M .: Zakharov, 2003 .-- S. 1281.
- ↑ V.V. Veresaev . Satellites of Pushkin. M., Sov. Sport, 1993. Volume 1. P. 380.
Sources
- Volkov S.V. Generality of the Russian Empire. Encyclopedic dictionary of generals and admirals from Peter I to Nicholas II. T. II. L - Ya. - M., 2009. - ISBN 978-5-9524-4167-5
- Ponomarev V.P., Shabanov V.M., Cavaliers of the Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. 1725 - 1917. T. 2. - M., 2009. - S. 642. - ISBN 978-5-89577-144-0
- Yearbook of the Russian army for 1870. Part II SPb., 1870
- Lechner, Andrei Andreyevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Stepanov V.S., Grigorovich P.I. In memory of the centennial of the imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. (1769-1869). SPb., 1869