Prozorovsky, Ivan Semenovich

Born at the very beginning of the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich - the first Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty . July 13, 1632 granted to the stewards .

In 1632 - 1634 he participated in the Smolensk war , from 1642 he served as regimental governor of the Big Regiment in Pereyaslavl-Ryazan . In 1644 - 1645 he was governor in Vologda . In 1645 - 1646 he swore an oath to the tsar of the inhabitants of the cities of the Lower Volga and on the Terek . From 1646 to 1648 - regimental governor in Tula .

After the start of the Russo-Polish war of 1654-1667, he was one of the leaders of the army operating in Lithuania , participated in the capture of Vilna and Kovno .

On December 21, 1656, the second Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov granted him from the stolniks in the boyar . After the Vilnius Armistice, he participated in the war with the Swedes and was the head of the Russian diplomatic delegations at the conclusion of the Valiesar Armistice in 1658 and the Cardis Peace in 1661 .

In 1657 and 1661 - 1666 he led the Vladimir court order . He took part in repelling the advance of King Jan Casimir in 1664 . In the battle of Drokov, together with Prince Yuri Baryatinsky, he plundered the Lithuanian dragoon regiment and captured most of the enemy’s convoy. In 1667 he was sent by the governor to Astrakhan, where he hastily strengthened the city and led its defense during the siege of Stepan Razin's troops .

On the orders of Prozorovsky, the envoy of Razin was executed, demanding the surrender of the city. During the assault on the city, he was wounded and locked himself in the cathedral with his supporters. During the capture of Astrakhan by rebels, on June 24, 1670, the brother of governor Mikhail was killed. Prozorovsky himself was thrown by Razin from the Kremlin tower the next morning. His body, thrown into a common grave with all the dead, was not found. His son, 9-year-old Boris , was hanged by the legs. The death sentence imposed on Razin before his execution said ^[1] :

But you, a thief, not having enough of the innocent blood and innocent babies of the boyar Prince Ivan Semenovich Prozorovsky’s children, ordered you to take him from the yard, hang him by the legs through the city wall and, moreover, torture one (the eldest) with death and the other (the youngest) with many torments mutilating, leading me to the Metropolitan, not having his tea from such torment is alive.

The death of Ivan Semenovich with his brother at the hands of the rebels added authority to the family of the Prozorov’s court, and six of Prozorovsky’s nephews at different times became boyars under Peter I.

Since 1643, he was married to Praskovye Fyodorovna Likhacheva , daughter of the Duma nobleman Fyodor Fyodorovich Likhachev (d. 1653), the owner of the village of Cheremkh . On the day of the capture of Astrakhan, Praskovya Fedorovna took refuge with Metropolitan Joseph and, to pacify the rebellion, transported her son and the body of her son-in-law, Prince Mikhail Semenovich Prozorovsky , to Moscow, where he was buried. She died on January 14, 1687 and was buried in the Moscow Sretensky monastery . In marriage had 3 sons and 2 daughters:

• Pyotr Ivanovich (1644 - 03.20.17.1720), boyar (from 08.06.1676). He was married (from 1664) to Anna Fedorovna Rtishcheva (c. 1648 - 05/08/1683).
• Akilina Ivanovna (1650 - 07.25.17.1727), a nun in the Moscow Alekseevsky monastery . In the nuns, old Alexandra.
• Boris Ivanovich the Great (1654 - 07/14/1670), executed after the capture of Astrakhan by Stepan Razin
• Marfa Ivanovna (1657 - 02.27.1730), was in her first marriage for Prince Alexander Ivanovich Lobanov-Rostovsky ; and in the second - for Peter Petrovich Saltykov (c. 1655 - 04/18/1699).

She has children:

• • son Michael
  • daughter Anna (1677-1728), married to L.K. Naryshkin , widowed, she married Count B.P. Sheremetev ,
  • Irina, wife of Prince F.I. Troekurov
  • Maria , wife of the steward S.I. Miloslavsky .
• Boris Ivanovich Menshoy (1661-1718), a boyar from 1682 , in 1670 was, like his elder brother, hanged by the legs during the defeat of Astrakhan, but removed from the gallows with signs of life, he was given to his mother. Remained lame for life. He was married (since 1711) to Irina Mikhailovna Rimsky-Korsakova.

• N.V. Voronkov. Prozorovsky, Ivan Semenovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Shikman A.P. Figures of Russian History. Biographical reference. - M., 1997.
• Great Encyclopedia of the Russian people.
• Chistyakova E.V. Astrakhan during the uprising of Stepan Razin // History of the USSR. 1957. No. 5.