Formation - the formation of grammatical forms of one word . It is opposed to word formation , connecting different words with a common root [1] .
Meaning of the term
Depending on what forms are considered to belong to one word, the understanding of the term “shaping” differs. If one word includes forms with a common nominative (reflecting extralinguistic reality ) meaning, but unequal syntactic (reflecting the syntactic capabilities of word forms ), the formation is closer to inflection [2] .
With another approach to shaping include forms that differ exclusively in grammatical (in other words, necessarily expressed) meanings. In this case, couples like Rus. wean - wean , at the first approach described as connected by a word-formation relationship, fall into the sphere of shaping. Sometimes forms with a regular way of education are considered to be forming (for example, English dialects with the suffix -ly , formed from any adjective ) [1] .
There is an approach in which shaping refers to forms that differ in the meanings of non- syntactic grammatical categories , that is, nominative meanings (form of number , type or causative ) [1] [3] . Here, the formation takes an intermediate position between word formation and inflection, which allows us to consider separately morphological means of expression for each of the three types of phenomena. This makes it possible to identify important typological features of languages; Thus, in Slavic languages, syntactic grammatical meanings are usually expressed in inflections , while categories of a species have other means of expression: alternating root , suffix and prefix [2] . This interpretation is adjoined by the understanding of shaping as such an inflection, which, unlike the inflection itself , using inflections, is carried out using suffixes or service words [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Formation (grammatical) / Zhivov V.M. // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ 1 2 Zhivov V. M. Formation // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
- ↑ Akhmanova, O.S. Formation // Dictionary of linguistic terms. - Ed. 4th, stereotypical. - M .: KomKniga, 2007 .-- 576 p. - 2500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-484-00932-9 .
- ↑ Inflection // Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary .