Khabibulla Khan ( June 3, 1872 , Tashkent [ specify ] - February 20, 1919 ) - Emir of Afghanistan since 1901.
| Habibullah Khan | |||||||
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 Emir Habibullah | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Abdur Rahman | ||||||
| Successor | Nasrullah Khan | ||||||
| Birth | June 3, 1872 Samarkand , Russian Empire [ specify ] | ||||||
| Death | February 20, 1919 (aged 46) Lagman , Emirate of Afghanistan | ||||||
| Burial place | Kabul | ||||||
| Kind | Barakzai | ||||||
| Father | Abdur Rahman | ||||||
| Children | Amanullah Khan , Inayatullah Khan | ||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||
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Biography
Born in the city of Tashkent . He was the eldest son in the family of Emir Abdur-Rahman .
Habibullah was a relatively secular ruler, trying to modernize the country. In 1904, the Military Academy was founded in Kabul . Habibullah carried out some legal reforms and abolished a number of the most severe criminal penalties, although one of his main advisers, Abdul-Latif, was sentenced to death in 1903 and was stoned to death in Kabul.
On March 21, 1905, Habibullah Khan signed an agreement with Great Britain on the complete abandonment of independent foreign policy - in exchange for a subsidy of £ 160 thousand a year. De facto, this meant a protectorate of the British Empire over Afghanistan. In the framework of the “new reality”, Habibullah Khan in the same 1905 signed a friendship treaty with India . In 1907, he paid an official visit to British India. In Calcutta, Habibullah joined the Masonry Lodge Concordia, No. 3102.
In 1908, the Kabul-Jalalabad telephone line was installed. In 1913, a central hospital was founded in Kabul.
Habibullah Khan retained the neutrality of Afghanistan in the First World War , despite the intense pressure from the Sultan (padishah) of the Ottoman Empire (having appropriated the title of “spiritual ruler of Islam”) to enlist the support of Afghanistan. The Ottomans “ Young Turks ” were sympathetic to the influential local party of “ Young Afghans, ” with whom the emir had to reckon. Habibullah was even forced to admit Oscar Niedermeier to the German-Turkish mission in Kabul. But the war is neither Russia nor England
not announced.
Habibullah Khan was killed while hunting in Lagman province on February 20, 1919. Shortly before , February 2, he demanded that Britain grant full independence to the country. His brother Nasrullah Khan was in power for a week (February 21-28), then was imprisoned by Amanullah Khan , the third son of Habibullah.
Literature
- Habibula Khan // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Muhammad Ali. Afghanistan (travel guide). - 1967.
- Ravich N.A. Youth of the Century. - 1967.
- Reisner M.G. Afghanistan. - 1946.
Links
- Habibullah Khan at the Rodovod . Tree of ancestors and descendants
- Biography of Khan Habibullah