Cerinean fallow deer ( Greek: Κερυνῖτις ἔλαφος ) - in ancient Greek mythology, the sacred fallow deer of Artemis with golden horns and copper hooves. The capture of fallow deer became the third task of the Mycenaean king Eurystheus Heracles . The son of Zeus pursued the animal for a year reaching the mythical country of Hyperborea . There are several versions of the myth regarding how he managed to catch a fast and tireless animal.
| Kerinoe Doe | |
|---|---|
| Greek Κερυνῖτις ἔλαφος | |
 | |
| Hercules with a Cerinean doe, whom he accidentally broke off a horn. Antique Greek Vase, British Museum , London | |
| Mythology | ancient Greek mythology |
| Floor | female |
| Related characters | Artemis |
| Related Events | the third feat of Hercules |
Content
Origin. View
The Kerinoe doe had copper hooves and golden horns [1] [2] [3] in connection with which Gigin called this animal a deer [4] [5] . There are two versions of the myth about the origin of fallow deer. One at a time, little Artemis in the foothills of Parnassus saw five golden-horned fallow deer more bulls. The girl caught up with four of them with whom she harnessed her chariot. The fifth one ran away, crossed the river and settled in the area of [6] [5] .
According to another version, the Kerinoe doe dedicated to Artemis Taygeta . The goddess, in order to save the galaxy from the harassment of Zeus, turned her into a doe. After the reverse transformation of Taygetus, she dedicated the Kerynean fallow deer to Artemis [7] [8] .
The Third Feat of Hercules
Mycenaean king Eurystheus ordered Hercules to deliver the doe alive to Mycenae. The task was difficult. Hercules pursued a doe for a year and even in his pursuit reached Hyperborea and the Danube , from where he brought an olive sprout. Subsequently, olive grew in Olympia [9] . The hero tried to catch the animal, but it slipped away from him and swept back south [10] [11] .
There are several versions regarding how Hercules managed to catch the Kerinoe doe. According to one version, the animal was caught in a net, according to another - captured during sleep, according to the third - Hercules killed him with a continuous pursuit [12] . Along Apollodorus the doe reached Mount , and from there descended to the River. When the doe was ready to cross the Hercules River with a well-aimed shot, she wounded her in the leg, after which he was able to grab and tie [1] [10] [11] .
On the way to Mycenae, Hercules met Apollo with Artemis. The gods reproached the hero for this attitude to the sacred animal. Hercules explained to them that this is the order of Eurystheus, which he must follow. The gods took such an acquittal of Hercules. According to archaeological data, namely the presence of a number of images of the fighting Hercules and Apollo next to the associated doe, there was a version of the myth that did not survive to this day in the exposition of mythographers, according to which the ancient hero had to protect the animal caught with such difficulty [13] [14 ] ] . Subsequently, the doe was released and she returned to Artemis [1] [15] [11] .
In art
The plot of the capture of the Cerinean fallow deer is not as popular as other feats, such as the strangulation of a Nemean lion and the destruction of the Lernean hydra . However, he was also depicted among others on antique Greek and Roman vases, mosaics, sculptural groups and coins. There are several coin types of the reign of Diocletian , Maximian and Postumus with Heracles taming the Kerinoe doe [14] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Apollodorus, 1972 , Mythological Library. Book II. V (3).
- ↑ Virgil, Aeneid , Book VI. 802.
- ↑ Euripides, 1999 , Hercules 375-379.
- ↑ Gigin Myths, 2000 , 30. The twelve exploits of Hercules, those that were ordered by Eurystheus.
- ↑ 1 2 Graves, 1992 , Third Feat: Cerinean Doe (a), p. 301.
- ↑ Ancient Anthems, 1988 , Callimachus . III. To Artemis 98-109, p. 151.
- ↑ Pindar, 1980 , Olympic Songs. III 28-30.
- ↑ Graves, 1992 , Third Feat: Cerinean Doe (c), p. 301.
- ↑ Pindar, 1980 , Olympic Songs. III 15–33.
- ↑ 1 2 Graves, 1992 , Third Feat: Cerinean Doe (b), p. 301.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Myths of the peoples of the world, 1990 , Hercules, p. 230.
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily, 2000 , Historical Library. Book IV. XIII (1).
- ↑ Kleiner, 2017 , p. Introduction XXXVIII.
- ↑ 1 2 DRC, 1889 , Herculis Labores, p. 450–458.
- ↑ Kozovik, 1989 , Kerineyska doe, p. 123.
Literature
- Apollodorus . Mythological library / Translation, final article, notes, index V. G. Borukhovich. - L .: Science, 1972.
- Virgil . Aeneid // Bucolics. Georgians. Aeneid. - M .: Fiction , 1979.
- Gigin . Myths / Translated from Latin, commentary by D. O. Torshilov, edited by A. A. Takho-Godi . - SPb. : Aletheia , 2000 .-- 360 p. - (Antique library). - ISBN 5-89329-198-0 .
- Antique Anthems / comp. and commonly. ed. A.A. Tahoe-Godi. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1988. - 359 p. - (University Library). - 30,000 copies. - ISBN 5-211-00182-6 .
- Diodorus of Sicily . Historical Library (Russian) / Translation, article, commentary and index by O. P. Tsybenko .. - M .: Labyrinth, 2000. - (Antique Heritage).
- Euripides . Tragedies in 2 volumes (Russian) / per. I.F. Annensky; open ed. M. L. Gasparov; will enter. Art. V.N. Yarho; Russian Academy of Sciences [RAS]. - M .: Ladomir, 1999 .-- ISBN 5-86218-157-1 .
- Pindar . Olympic songs // Odes; Fragments / Pindar; Bacchilide ; ed. sub. M. L. Gasparov .. - M .: Nauka, 1980 .-- 503 p. - ( Literary monuments ). - 50,000 copies.
- Graves Robert. Myths of Ancient Greece . - M .: Progress, 1992 .-- 624 p. - (Anthropology, ethnography, mythology, folklore). - ISBN 5-01-001587-0 .
- Zaitsev A. And . Hercules // Myths of the peoples of the world / Glavn. ed. S. A. Tokarev . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - S. 229-233.
- Kozovik I. Ya., Ponomariv O.D. Vocabulary of ancient mythology (Ukrainian) / editor-in-chief A. O. Biletsky. - 2nd view. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1989 .-- 240 p. - 57,000 copies. - ISBN 5-12-001101-2 .
- Kleiner Fred S. Portonaccio temple, Veii // A History of Roman Art . - Boston: Wadsworth, 2017 .-- ISBN 0-495-90987-4 .
- Stevenson SW, Smith CR, Madden FW Herculis Labores // A Dictionary of Roman Coins . - London: , 1889. - P. 450–458.