Charles Lennox, 3rd Earl of Darnley , 3rd Lord Torbolton, 3rd Duke of d'Aubigny, de Berry in France, 3rd Duke of Lennox , 3rd Duke of Richmond , 3rd Baron Settrington in County York, 3 Earl March ( Charles Lennox, 3rd Earl of Darnley, 3rd Lord of Torboultoun, 3rd Duc d'Aubigny, de Berri in France, 3rd Duke of Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 3rd Baron of Settrington, co. York, 3rd Earl of March ; February 22, 1735 , London - December 29, 1806 , , Sussex , England ) - British military leader, politician, member of the Royal Society of London since December 11, 1755 (Fellow of the Royal Society) Field Marshal ( July 30, 1796 ).
| Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox | ||
|---|---|---|
| English Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond | ||
 Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 1758, painting by Joshua Reynolds | ||
| Date of Birth | February 22, 1735 | |
| Place of Birth | London england | |
| Date of death | December 29, 1806 (71 years old) | |
| Place of death | Goodwood, Sussex , England | |
| Affiliation |  Great Britain | |
| Type of army | British army | |
| Years of service | 1751 - 1795 | |
| Rank | field marshal | |
| Part | 2nd Guards Infantry Regiment (2nd Foot Guards) 29th Regiment of Foot 33rd Regiment of Foot | |
| Commanded | 72nd Regiment of Foot | |
| Battles / wars | The Seven Years' War 1756 - 1763 the battle of Minden | |
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Family
The second son (the fourth child in the family) is General Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond ( May 18, 1701 - August 8, 1750 ) and Lady Sarah Cadogan ( September 18, 1705 - August 25, 1751 ). He bore the title of Earl of March (which before his birth belonged to his older brother Charles Lennox, who died in November 1730 and lived only three months). The duke had many sisters and a younger brother:
- Georgiana Carolina Lennox, Lady Holland, Baroness Holland ( March 27, 1723 - July 24, 1774 )
- Lady Emilia Mary Lennox ( October 6, 1731 - March 27, 1814 )
- Lieutenant General Lord George Henry Lennox (c. 1738 - March 25, 1805 )
- Lady Louise Augusta Lennox ( November 24, 1743 - 1821 )
- Lady Sarah Lennox ( February 14, 1745 - August 1826 )
- Lady Cicilia Lennox (born March 20, 1750 )
On April 1, 1757, the duke married Lady Mary Bruce (d. November 5, 1796 ), daughter of Charles Bruce, 4th Earl of Elgin ( May 29, 1682 - February 10, 1746/47).
The duke had three illegitimate daughters from his housekeeper, one of the daughters, Henrietta Le Clerc , was nicknamed The Poor Orphan .
Military career
Educated at Westminster School (Westminster School) in London and at Leiden University in the Netherlands. After the death of his father on August 8, 1750, he inherited all his titles.
In 1751, he joined the 2nd Foot Guards regiment with the rank of Ensign. In 1753 he became captain, served in the 29th Infantry Regiment (29th Foot) , in 1756 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel; served in the 33rd Regiment of Foot .
In 1757 he formed the 2nd battalion as part of the 33rd regiment, which already in 1758 was reorganized into a separate 72nd Regiment of Foot . Richmond became the colonel of the new regiment in 1758, and his younger brother George Lennox became commander of the 33rd regiment. In 1763, after the end of the Seven Years' War 1756 - 1763, the 72nd Regiment was disbanded.
In 1761 he received the rank of major general , in 1770 - lieutenant general , and in 1782 - full general .
Political career
In 1765 he was appointed ambassador to Paris , and in the same year became a member of the Privy Council of Great Britain. May 23, 1766 was appointed to the post of Secretary of State for the Southern Department in the office (Whigs) of Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquis of Rockingham , but on July 29 of the same year he left office with the arrival of the cabinet ( Tory) William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chetham .
Richmond was a supporter of the colonists during the US War of Independence ; in 1778, initiated a debate on the withdrawal of British troops from America, during the discussion of this issue, Count Chetham became seriously ill.
The Duke also supported a policy of concessions in Ireland; the phrase “Union of Hearts” that arose on this issue (the search for reconciliation between Ireland and England), which for some time became very famous, but was soon forgotten. In 1779, the duke put forward a proposal to reduce the civil list (the budget of the royal court), and in 1780 he implemented the bill on parliamentary reform, which vested only men with the right to vote, introduced annual parliamentary meetings and implemented the idea of equality of constituencies.
In the second cabinet (Whigs) of Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquis of Rockingham, Richmond held the post of Master-General of the Ordnance in 1782-1783, but remained in the same post and entered the office of William Pitt the Younger ( 1784-1785). He became a supporter of the Tories, the results of Richmond's reforms led to the fact that he was personally subjected to severe criticism from James Lauderdale , which almost led to a duel between them.
The duke died in December 1806, leaving no rightful heir. His title was inherited by his nephew Charles, the son of Richmond's brother, General Lord George Henry Lennox.
In the United States , in the state of Massachusetts, there are two cities, Richmond and Lennox, named after the Duke.
Buried in Chichester Cathedral.