Ambigramma (from Latin ambi - “double” and other Greek. Γράμμα - “letter”) - a calligraphic pattern that allows you to combine two different readings from the same set of lines.
Palindromes can be considered a literary prototype of ambigrams - words or sets of words that are read the same way from left to right and from right to left. Ambigrams as an entertainment for designers and puzzles became popular at the end of the 20th century. The first ambigrams were published in a British newspaper. [ which one? ] [ when? ] . It is noteworthy that then only a few words were considered suitable for an ambigram.
Russian poets and writers, for example, Dmitry Avaliani , came up with several types of ambigrams: “leaf shutter” (180 degree rotation), “orthogonal” (90 degree rotation), “double view” (different words are read without turning the sheet). Ambigrams can be symmetric and asymmetric.
Numbers can also form ambigrams, while they can consist of symmetric numbers (0, 8, in some spelling 1) or turning into each other when turning (6–9, in some spelling 2–5). See sequence A000787 in OEIS (there they are called strobograms ).
One of the most famous 3D ambigrams appeared on the cover of the book “Godel, Escher, Bach: This Endless Garland” , where a complex geometric object has three different shadows based on the first letters of famous people: philosopher Kurt Godel , artist M.K. Escher and composer Johann Sebastian Bach . The book explores the parallels in the works and biographies of these people and, at a deeper level, the book provides a detailed coverage of the concepts on which mathematics , symmetry and reason are based.
Literature
- Polster, Burkard. Mathemagical Ambigrams . Proceedings of the Mathematics and Art Conference 2000.2000 .
- Suresh Kumar, Madhu Rawat, Vishal Gupta, Satendra Kumar The Novel Lossless Text Compression Technique Using Ambigram Logic and Huffman Coding (link not available) . Information and Knowledge Management ISSN (2012): 2224-5758. (eng.)