Crunchy

There are two versions about the origin of the name of the village. According to one of them, the village got its name from the cross-shaped mountains located here and was called - Christ. Others believe that in antiquity a lot of brushwood was accumulated on the wooded mountainsides surrounding the village, and in the Polish dialect it sounds like “chrust”, which is why the village was called Khrustova. Now there are no forests on the mountains surrounding the village, but the old people claimed that there were quite a lot of forests and people built wooden houses for themselves, and from the brushwood weaved walls in houses and sheds. Vine weaving and pottery were developed in the village ^[3] .

A permanent settlement on the site of a modern village arose at the beginning of the XVIII century. During this period, the first Orthodox church was built. Khrustova is located on the ancient Podolsk trading route leading from Rashkiv and Kamenka to Tulchin. The village was devastated after the unsuccessful Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739 for Russia. It is again mentioned in documents of 1769. Until 1789, the village was owned by the Polish magnates of Lubomirsky , from whom they entered the state department in 1779, and then transferred to Count Yagushinsky. With the advent of the Russian administration in Podillia, Russian families from the central provinces, from the Volga and the Don are actively settling in the village.

In 1811, Khrustova was bought by college adviser Pyotr Khristoforovich Yushnevsky, and since 1825 the village was owned by his son, chamber junker Semyon Petrovich Yushnevsky, brother of the Decembrist Alexei Petrovich Yushnevsky . The heirs of S.P. Yushnevsky owned the lands of the village before the revolution. Residents were engaged in agriculture, especially sowed corn, kept cattle and sheep and received significant income from gardens, orchards and beekeeping. The first church in the village in the name of St. Michael the Archangel was wooden, it is not known when it was built. It was dismantled in 1855. As early as 1804, Count S. Yagushinsky had the intention to build a new church in the name of St. Sergey of Radonezh, but this intention did not materialize. In 1839, the peasants laid a new stone church, it was erected to the upper cornice, but due to lack of funds the construction was stopped. Its construction was completed by the owner of the village S.P. Yushnevsky in 1852, and in 1853 the church was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of Christ. This temple now stands on a mountain, surrounded by huge blocks of sandstone, dominating the entire village ^[4] . In 1888, a parish school was opened in the village. In 1892, 2570 Orthodox parishioners, 14 Lutherans and 82 Jews lived in Khrustova.

In 1897, a literacy school for girls was built. It is known that by 1901 the school of the Ministry of Education was already in the village ^[5] . In 1913, a zemstvo school was opened in Khrustova.

The village specialized in commercial viticulture, tobacco growing, gardening, gardening, cattle breeding, pig breeding, horse breeding, sheep breeding, beekeeping. In the vicinity of the village are extensive forest land. In the post-reform period, the first steam mills, distilleries, a sugar factory, and sawmills were built in Khrustova. In the center and in other parts of the village Yushnevsky erected manor buildings, most of which have survived to this day.

After the revolution, a spontaneous seizure of landlord lands takes place. On January 10, 1918, the Olgopol Uyezd Zemstvo Government wrote to the head of the Southwestern Front that the peasants of Kamenka , Grushka , Khrustova, and Bolgan “... continue to rout the estates more and more. Bolshevik agitators rebel peasants and organize pogroms of economies ... Land committees prohibit the purchase of cattle in looted estates. If the armed guards of conscious soldiers in the amount of 200 people are not immediately sent, then we will have to stop harvesting livestock and fodder for the front. ”

By mid-March 1918, German and Austro-Hungarian troops occupied the Left Bank of the Dniester. Lands returned to their former owners. In addition, the peasants were obliged to compensate for the losses incurred by the landowners as a result of the division of their estates. Landowner Yushnevsky for property confiscated from him during the revolution overlaid the peasants with. Crunchy indemnity of 5 thousand rubles. By that time, the population had accumulated a huge amount of various weapons from deserters crossing the Dniester from Bessarabia to Podolia. The landlords appealed to the hetman’s representative at the Austro-Hungarian command of the Eastern Army with a demand to take measures to detect Bolshevik agitators and disarm the population, in particular in the villages of Kamenka , Grushka , Khrustova.

After the final establishment of Soviet power in the village, the state commission officially began the process of land management of peasants. Land surveyors divided plots according to the number of family members. Khrustovites enthusiastically took up the processing of their own plots. But according to the party directive, it became necessary to collectivize the villages. The peasants who received land allotments did not want to part with them. However, under pressure from the authorities in 1929, part of the peasants united in the collective farm named after Lenin. By 1934, five collective farms were formed in the village: them. Lenin, them. Kotovsky, them. Voroshilov, them. Kaganovich and the Red Partisan ^[6] .

During the years of World War II, an underground organization operated in Khrustova. Its leader was the secretary of the Kamensky underground party district committee, Yakov Alekseevich Kucherov, who died in 1944 in Rybnitsa prison. In March 1944, the village was liberated from the invaders. Residents of Khrustova began to restore the destroyed economy. In 1952, all five collective farms were merged into one large collective farm, which was called the “Lenin Way”. In the 1970s "The Way of Lenin" became a millionaire collective farm. The farm mainly cultivated mainly cereals and fodder crops, vegetables, and orchards. In the village were built the buildings of a secondary school, kindergarten, the House of Culture, a feldsher-midwife station, a consumer service workshop, cafes, and shops. From 1986 to 2010 the collective farm was headed by G. N. Evstratii, a man who enjoyed great authority among the villagers. In February 2010, Penkovsky Mikhail Semenovich was elected chairman of the collective farm. During 2010, it is planned to complete the gasification of the village.

• Krivenko A.V., Burla M.P., Fomenko V.G. et al. Geography of the Kamensky district of the PMR. -Tiraspol, 2009. −191 p.

• Site of Khrustovaya village
• Chrustowa (Polish) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries , volume I (Aa - Dereneczna) from 1880
• Chrustowa (Polish) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries , Volume XV, Part 1 (Abablewo - Januszowo) from 1900