Buran (snowmobile)

By the end of the 1960s in the vast expanses of the North, snowmobiles were used as a means of transportation on the virgin snow, however, due to their specificity, they received very limited use. For the delivery of 1-2 people and a small consignment of goods, an unpretentious and simple vehicle was required, affordable for the population. In 1970, Canadian snowmobiles Bombardier were presented at an exhibition in Moscow. After the show, three exhibits were acquired by the Soviet side. These samples of the Ski-Doo Valmont model became the prototypes of the domestic snowmobile created by the Rybinsk Motor Plant. Already in the spring of 1971, tests began on a new snowmobile, called the "Buran".

The first samples of the snowmobile were equipped with 18-horsepower engines from the IZH-Jupiter-3 motorcycle along with 4-tbsp. a manual gearbox and a rubber caterpillar from a conveyor belt. Tests have shown that the power of the motorcycle engine is not enough, it overheated, as well as the inconvenience of operation in the absence of the possibility of reversing. It became clear the need for a continuously variable transmission. The new engine was copied from the Austrian Rotax , which received the marking of the RMZ-640 and developed a capacity of 27 liters. with. The transmission was developed from scratch and received a V-belt variator with a reverse box. In 1973, the snowmobile was put on the conveyor ^[1] .

In 1986, the hundred-thousandth snowmobile Buran was launched ^[2] .

• “Bars” (since 1982) - an option for law enforcement agencies with an installed searchlight and a place for an army radio P-392 with an antenna ^[3] .
• "Arctic" (since 1990) - a modification with a modified caterpillar and wide steering ski. Engine power increased to 33 liters. with. With the change in weight distribution, patency improved. Opening the hood became possible without removing the headlamp.
• Buran-M (since 2002) - restyling. Noise reduction, seat change, adjustable steering wheel applied ^[1] .
• "Buran" with a 4-stroke engine Briggs & Stratton Vanguard (2008). The series did not go ^[4] .

• “Buran-A” is the basic model. With the AE index it is completed with an electric starter .
• "Buran-ADE" is an elongated modification with an electric starter. It is serially completed with a headlight searchlight. There is a soft back for the passenger ^[5] .
• "Buran-4T" - a model with a four-stroke Kohler engine (29 hp). With the letter 4TD has an elongated loading platform. In the short model, the weight of the towed trailer is 250 kg, in the long base of the snowmobile - 500 kg ^[6] .
• “Buran Leader” is the latest modification, produced since the end of 2017. The ski is unified with a more reliable one installed on another model - Taiga . An automatic chain tensioner is used on the reverse box. The high steering wheel is equipped with heated handles and a trigger of gas. The geometry and size of the windshield made of 2 mm shockproof and frost-resistant polycarbonate was also changed. Factory coloring is now done in black and orange colors. Snowmobile is available in short and long base ^[7] .

The base of the snowmobile - one rotary support ski and two towing tracks, allows you to get a large area of ​​the supporting surface with a small length of the snowmobile itself. Due to this, snowmobiles pass well through the thicket, ravines and small undergrowth.

A large gear ratio of the main gear in a transmission equipped with an Alpina variator and an engine with maximum torque shifted to the low-speed zone allows towing a sled for a snowmobile with a total weight of up to 250 kg.

The snowmobile engine Buran has a small compression ratio , which allows it to consume A-76, AI-80 gasoline , and in some cases even gasoline (gas condensate) as fuel. The engine has a joint lubrication system , which at low temperatures and high loads at low speed (when towing heavy loads) makes it possible to pre-prepare the fuel mixture for operating conditions so that the engine is lubricated in the right amount.

Snowmobiles are produced with and without an electric starter.

Due to the two-track layout, the snowmobile became widely popular in the preparation of ski runs in Russia and the CIS for sports schools and semi-professional competitions in cross-country skiing, biathlon and orienteering. A wide caterpillar track allows you to roll a large area with fewer kilometers traveled.

Since 2016, a three-year factory warranty has been installed on Buran snowmobiles ^[8] .

• Number of seats - 2
• Maximum speed - 55 km / h
• The smallest turning radius - 6 m
• Maximum power - 34 liters. with.
• Control fuel consumption per 100 kilometers - 21-25 liters
• Engine RMZ-640 / Kohler (Buran 4T / 4TD)
• Fuel tank capacity - 28 L
• Snowmobile mass - 275 kg
• Dimensions:

• length - 2695 mm
• width - 900 mm
• height - 1320 mm

In the 2010s, Buran snowmobiles were produced with both two-stroke and four-stroke two-cylinder engines.

Models with standard (2878.5 mm) and elongated (3686.5 mm) tracks are also available (track circumference is indicated).

• They are equipped with the 80th separate motorized rifle arctic brigade of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy (the former 80th Motorized Rifle Brigade ) deployed in the village of Alakurtti, Murmansk Region ^[9] .

• In 2017, in Naryan-Mar, on Smidovich Street, an object of small architectural form was installed - benches in the form of a snowmobile "Buran" and a sled to it ^[10] .

• Taiga (snowmobile)
• Tiksi (snowmobile)

• Buran - snowmobile of mass production (neopr.) . "ZR" (No. 11, 1973).
• Snowmobile "Buran": a workhorse of the north
• Installing a Mikuni carburetor on a snowstorm - the pros and cons of installing