Henri Francois Gabriel Viollier , Franz-Gabriel Viollier ( fr. Henri François Gabriel Viollier ; 1752 - 1839 [2] ) - Russian architect and painter of Swiss origin.
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Maria Fedorovna
Biography
He worked in France, then at the Württemberg ducal court. Mason [3] . In 1780 (according to other sources, in 1776 ), at the invitation of Grand Duchess Maria Fedorovna, he arrived in Russia. He served mainly at the "small court" of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich , initially as an inspector of cabinets and galleries. He worked a lot as an architect and designer in Gatchina , Pavel’s favorite estate: according to some reports, he built a joke pavilion in the park, a Birch house , which externally imitates a log of birch firewood, and inside contains an elegant hall with mirrors; He also built a Turkish tent with a playground, many wooden bridges, he created a theater hall in the greenhouse of the palace, which was located in the stable yard (since 1797 the Arsenal square). He participated in the development of the project of the Mikhailovsky (Engineering) castle .
In addition to architecture, Viollier worked a lot as a miniature painter. In addition, he studied theater, a favorite pastime at the Small Court. He was the director of many performances, played "for many years by the ladies and gentlemen of the court." In particular, in Gatchina, he staged a pantomime in which he played a “difficult role”, a concert “Village Festival” and “Fair Festival” (apparently, a puppet show where he directed puppets). On the occasion of the laying of the Gatchina hospital, he composed The Mill Festival.
In 1791, for an unknown reason, Viollier fell out of favor with the Grand Duke and was forced to retire to Moscow. Later, with the accession of Paul I, he served as inspector of the cabinet of prints and miniatures in the Winter Palace , with the rank of court adviser. Then he left for Paris, but in 1812 he returned to Russia. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Volkov Cemetery .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 132143356 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Years of birth by: Julie Aronson, Marjorie E. Wieseman. Perfect likeness: European and American portrait miniatures from the Cincinnati Art Museum - Yale University Press, 2006. - P. 313. ( Other sources indicate 1750 and 1753 years of birth, 1829 year of death.
- ↑ Vladislav Rjéoutski. Les Français dans la franc-maçonnerie russe au siècle des lumières: hypothèses et pistes de recherche // Slavica Occitania (Toulouse), no.24 , 2007, pp. 91-136. (fr.)
Literature
- Khaikina L.V. Franz-Gabriel Violier, College Advisor from Geneva // Swiss in St. Petersburg: Sat. articles. - SPb. , 2002 .-- S. 162-167.