Separate learning is the practice of learning in which male and female students do not study in mixed, but in separate educational departments, or even in different educational institutions or educational institutions. Most often we are talking about secondary education and the separate education of boys and girls - about their training in separate classes and above all - in different secondary schools. Accordingly, with such a system, there are women's and men's schools, boarding houses or other institutions designed for students of only one sex. There are arguments both “for” and “against” similar training practices.
Separate training existed in different periods and now exists in different countries. It was widespread at the beginning of the 20th century.
Russian Empire
Separate training was practiced in the Russian Empire in almost all secondary schools ( boarding schools , gymnasiums , gymnasiums , vocational schools, and others). The exceptions were commercial schools and some private schools, where co-education was allowed. The amount of knowledge that was given in women's educational institutions, and the rights that their graduates received, was less than that of graduates of men's educational institutions.
USSR
In the RSFSR in May 1918, compulsory joint training of boys and girls was introduced. This measure was supposed to eliminate the inequality of women and men in the field of education that existed before. Education in the USSR remained so afterwards.
In 1943, under the conditions of the Great Patriotic War, separate education for boys and girls was introduced in seven-year and secondary schools in Moscow , Leningrad , the capitals of the Union republics , regional and regional centers and a number of large industrial centers of the USSR.
The reform affected a small number of students, for example, for the RSFSR, the number of schools with separate education (male and female schools in total) did not exceed 2% of their total number. According to the results, the reform was assessed as not very successful: in comparison with co-education there are no advantages in organizing the pedagogical process, but there are difficulties in educational work. It was decided to cancel the reform (according to the official wording, taking into account the experience of schools, the wishes of parents and the opinion of teachers). The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of July 1, 1954 restored the co-education of boys and girls in all schools from the 1954/55 school year .
In the USSR, education remained joint until the end of its existence. It is also joint in the Russian Federation , with the exception of some schools ( laboratory schools ) in which there are classes with separate education.
Literature
- Bazarny V.F. The negative consequences of asexual education // Child human. Psychology of development and regression. - M. , 2009. - P. 212—226. - 328 s.
- Separate training // Russian pedagogical encyclopedia . In 2 vols. / Ch. ed. V. V. Davydov. - T. 2. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia , 1999.
- Separate training // Great Soviet Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky - 2nd ed. - T. 35. - M .: Big Soviet Encyclopedia, 1955. - p. 614
- Pyzhikov A.V. Separate training in the Soviet school (October 24, 2007) // Portalus.ru