Bromoform (tribromomethane) CHBr 3 is a colorless liquid with a sweetish smell of chloroform, it easily decomposes in air under the action of light. A small amount is synthesized by plants in the ocean. It is poorly soluble in water, one part per 800 parts of water, and easily evaporates into the atmosphere. Most of it is formed by chlorination of water for disinfection.
| Bromoform | |
|---|---|
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| Are common | |
| Systematic name | tribromomethane |
| Traditional names | bromoform |
| Chem. formula | CHBr₃ |
| Physical properties | |
| Molar mass | 252.73 g / mol |
| Density | 2,899 g / cm³ |
| Surface tension | 0.03168 N / m |
| Ionization energy | |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 8.0 ° C |
| T. Kip. | 149 ° C |
| Vapor pressure | 46 mmHg Art. (15 ° C) |
| Chemical properties | |
| Dielectric permeability | 4.39 (20 ° C) |
| Optical properties | |
| Refractive index | 1.595 (20 ° C) |
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Bromoform is one of trihalomethanes and is related to fluoroform , chloroform and iodoform . Mixed with alcohols , chloroform, benzene , diethyl ether , petroleum ether , acetone and oils. It can be obtained by haloform reaction between acetone and sodium hypobromide, also by electrolysis of a solution of potassium bromide in ethanol or by treating chloroform with aluminum bromide .
Application
Produced in industry in small quantities. Previously used as a solvent , sedative and as a fire extinguishing agent. Used in the synthesis of a number of pharmaceuticals . Now mainly used as a reagent in laboratory practice. Due to its relatively high density, bromoform is often used to separate minerals. If one of the minerals is denser, while the other is lighter than the bromoform, then, according to Archimedes' law, the first will sink, the second will emerge. If the density of the bromoform is too high to separate the mixture, it is diluted with lighter solvents.
Security
LD50 for mice 7.2 mmol / kg, or 1.8 g / kg. Bromoform belongs to the class of highly hazardous substances .
Notes
Literature
- Redzko V.N. Bromoform // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.