Zastavna

The city of Zastavna is a compact housing and industrial complex. Located in the south-west of Ukraine, 75 km from the Romanian border.

The city is sufficiently provided with places of mass recreation for the population: two recreation parks, squares, 8 ponds, the river flows from north to south. Sovitsa. On the territory of the city there is an arboretum.

In Zastavna there is a music, sports, art school, gymnasium, high school, as well as a vocational school that trains accountants, cooks, joiners, tractor drivers, car mechanics, etc. City life boils around the central square. Here are concentrated the main objects of life: the market, cafes, bars, restaurants, a hotel, a department store, etc. As well as many fountains that operate on big holidays. New cafes, bars, restaurants, shops and just residential buildings are being actively built here.

Every summer (July 30 - August 1), an international gathering of bikers from all over Ukraine and even from abroad is held in the town. Then the famous British rock band Death Valley Screamers , led by Sean Carr , comes here.

The city's housing stock is 234.65 thousand m² of total area, including the state and departmental sector - 51.92 thousand m², in private ownership - 182.73 thousand m². The average housing supply is 22.78 m² per inhabitant.

The oldest written record of the Outpost dates back to 1589 . The first settlers came to Zastavna from the north as early as the XII century. The origin of the name of the city is not fully understood, although it is likely that the name of the city comes from the customs "outpost", which was located here at the crossing of the Sovitsa River. There is also an opinion that the place got its name due to its location: Three ponds surround the outpost (becoming - Ukrainian).

In the Galicia-Volyn annals, the road from Vasilev, then a large shopping center on the Dniester, to Chernivtsi is mentioned. In the most successful place for crossing the Sovitsa River, there was a “outpost” - something like a checkpoint, where they collected duties from merchants. This river, which at that time was full-flowing, has turned into a small stream today. Although there are other versions regarding the name.

From the 17th century Zastavnovsky lands passed from hand to hand to different masters. Serf owners traded like ordinary goods. Feudal estates were crushed and sold. At 19 - beg. 20 century Zastavna - in the province of Bukovina as part of Austria-Hungary, at this time in the city was the residence of the county court.

In 1918–40 - As part of Romania, since 1940 - USSR.

The coat of arms of the Zastavny Romanian period was approved in 1934 . On the shield are two silver fishing hooks in a red box, below in silver waves is a red fish. The shield is crowned with a silver city crown with three turrets. Later, on July 18, 2001, by the decision of the XXI session of the city council of the XXIII convocation, the emblem of the city was changed to a new one, which is valid today.

Chronicle of

  1589 - The first mention of the city, which in historical sources is mentioned in the then letter.
   1637 - Half of the Zastavna was sold to Mr. Yurashkovich for 500 silver thalers, the second half to Matiyash.
   1730 - Battle of the Outpost.  Russian troops under the command of Minich, during a campaign on Khotyn, defeated the Turkish and Tatar troops.
   1782 - Zastavna became the property of Mr. Turkul.  In the village then there were 106 households, 1,035 inhabitants.
   1836 - Of the 331 yards, 31 had no land, and of the 300 who owned the land, 130 did not have livestock.  There were 27 prosperous owners in the village.
   1837 - According to the agreement concluded with the landowner, the peasant was obliged to give him a certain number of chickens, eggs, etc. From April to November, the peasant worked out 70 days of corvée with his traction equipment, 24 of which were not normal - from dawn to dawn.
   1844 - Ukrainian elementary school for boys opened.
   1848 - The elimination of serfdom.  Landless - 248 yards, which amounted to about half of all peasant yards.
   1850 - An oil churn with horse-drawn drive was opened, a bit later - a water mill.
   1866 - There are 2622 residents in the Outpost, 41 children attend school.
   1901-1964  - The original carver Dmitry Yurchuk created in the Outpost.
   1902 - A school was opened for girls from wealthy families.
   1905 - The village of Zastavna becomes the center of the county.
   1910 - In the Outpost there are 84 artisans, 137 merchants.
   1911 - A branch of the Russian Conversation society and the Zastavnovsky Boyan music and choral society were established.
   1913 - Mass emigration to Canada.  304 people emigrated.
   1918 (October) - A revolutionary council was created.  Convening a popular council for reunion with Ukraine.
   1918 (November) - Occupation of the Outposts by the troops of boyar Romania.
   1921 - The Siege was under siege by the Romanian troops and gendarmes.  The population is deprived of basic rights.  From evening to morning it was forbidden to take to the streets.
   1923 - Peasants filed a complaint to Bucharest about the wrong actions of the agrarian commission on the distribution of land of the landowner Weisglass.  The complaint was rejected.
   1926 - There were 7 large landowners in the Outpost, who owned 1,300 hectares of land.
   1937 - 160 people emigrated to Canada.
   1940 - The Soviet troops occupied the outpost.  Zastavna received the status of a city of regional subordination.  Formed Zastavnovsky district.
   1941 - A collective farm was established and a city library was opened.
   1944 (March) - The guardsmen of the 64th tank brigade of the Soviet army were liberated.

On January 28, 1945, the publication of a regional newspaper began here ^[3] .

  1946 - An amateur brass band of the regional House of Culture was created.
   1947-1951  - M. D. Mikitei heads the Komsomol-youth link.
   1948-1967  - The city has built 957 residential buildings.
   1950 - M.D. Mikitey was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor.
   1951 - Zvenevaya Maria Manoliivna Koshmarik was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor.
   1952 - Milkmaid Alexandra Petrovna Zubik was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor.
   1953 - An amateur folk theater of the regional House of Culture was created.
   1954 - A district library for children was opened.
   1955 - A regional printing house was founded.  M. D. Mikitei was elected a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR.
   1958 - A creamery was built.
   1960 - A children's music school was opened.
   1964 - A household goods factory began to operate.
   1965 - Excavations were carried out in the vicinity of the city.  Ancient mounds date back to the 2nd millennium BC.  e.
   1970 - A monument was erected on the mass grave in the city park.
   1985 - The City House of Nature was opened.
   1986 - The Golden Age Club was founded.

In January 1989, the population was 9,438 people ^[4] , the basis of the city’s economy at that time was the food and light industry ^[5] .

In 1991, a gymnasium school was opened on the basis of city school No. 1, in 1992 the inter-regional festival "Dniester Dawns" of the Zastavnovsky, Zalishchitsky and Gorodenkovsky districts was founded.

In 1997, the vocational school No. 7 located in the city was closed and liquidated ^[6] .

In 2001 - a monument to T. G. Shevchenko was erected on the city central square.

In 2012, a bust monument was erected to the artist Nikolai Ivanovich Ivasyuk.

Jews Forced

The first Jews who came from Galicia settled in the Outpost in the early 18th century. In 1810, all Jews engaged in trade were evicted from the city. Only two agricultural families were allowed to stay. After the liberalization of "Jewish politics" by the Austrian authorities in the 2nd floor. 19 century Jews again began to settle in the Outpost. In 1870, a cemetery was founded on which Jews were buried in all the surrounding towns. There were 3 synagogues, a mikvah, a Talmud Torah. There was a rabbi and shokhet. In 1891, the Zastavna community, whose council consisted of 13 people, included Jews from 29 small settlements of the Nistru region. The economy of the Jews of Zastavna was based on the cultivation of grain. The Jews owned 2 mills and 6 peasant estates. Jews also engaged in grain trade and small-scale trade. Despite the relatively low percentage of the Jewish population in the town, its economic influence was quite high: for a while, the mayor of Zastavna was a Jew, Jews were repeatedly elected to the post of deputy. mayor, at the same time they held many government posts: judges, postal workers, officials of the city hall, tax service and gendarmerie.

In 1904, the Zionist organization “Theodor Herzl” began operating in Zastavna, which lasted until 1940. Zigmund Weisglas, a resident of Zastavna, was the first chairman of the Zionist organization in Bukovina. In 1909, the municipality opened a Jewish school, in which non-Jews also studied. During World War I, almost all Zastavna Jews fled to Austria and returned after it ended. After the war, only one Jew remained in public service. After 1918, a school with teaching in Hebrew was opened in Zastavna. In 1922, a branch of the VICO, the International Women's Zionist Organization, was created. In 1920-30. in the Outpost, branches of various Jewish parties were active.

In June 1941, German and Romanian troops entered Zastavna. The Jews of the town and surrounding villages were imprisoned in the ghetto. In October 1941, all Jews were sent to Transnistria and distributed there in the camps and ghettos of various cities (Obodovka, Bershad, Tulchin, Yampol). Most of them died, about 10% of the Jews remained alive. After 1945, about 40 Jews returned to Zastavna; however, after some time, almost all went to Romania, and from there to Israel. Three synagogues were given over to barns for grain, and a cinema opened in the building of the Great Synagogue. In the 1960s in the Outpost there were several Jews who moved from the eastern regions of Ukraine. Today (2016) there are no Jews here. The Jewish cemetery was demolished, its territory was given over to a restaurant. Behind the restaurant building, a small area was allocated where the surviving matsevs were buried, and a monument was erected on top.

  In 1774, 17 Jews lived in the Outpost, 
   in 1776 - 33, 
   in 1808 - 100 Jewish families, 
   in 1910 - 418 Jews, 
   in 1930 - 629 Jews (12.3%).

In the northern part, I am crossed by a single-track branch Verenchanka - Window of the Lviv Railway . Also, roads of regional and district significance pass through the city.

The family house of the artist Nikolai Ivasyuk has been preserved in the city, and the city art school is decorated with a memorial plaque in his honor.

There are no special attractions in the city, but it is worth visiting the local museum of local lore (Independence St., 88), the first section of which tells about the nature of the district, and the second - about the history of the region from ancient times. In addition, the city operates the Ethnographic Museum "Dzherelo" (Gagarina St., 5), created at the gymnasium No. 1 and dedicated to ethnography and life of the Zastavnovsky district .

Born in the Outpost:

• The artist Nikolay Ivasyuk (author of the paintings “Entrance of Bogdan Khmelnitsky to Kiev ”, “Bogun near Berestechko”, etc.).
• The writer Irina Wilde .
• Church and political figure Eugene Gakman

The current mayor, Yaroslav Vasilievich Turcan, was born on June 2, 1974 in the Outpost. He graduated from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at Lviv University . For a long time he lived and worked in Poland and Germany . At the post of mayor - 4 years.

• Kovtun V. , Stepanenko A. V. Cities of Ukraine: Economic and Statistical Handbook. - M.: Higher School, 1990. - S. 262-263.
• Zastawna // Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich. - Warszawa: Filip Sulimierski i Władysław Walewski, 1895. - T. XIV: Worowo - Żyżyn. - S. 452.
• Zastavna // Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine: at 10 volumes / editorial board: V. A. Smoliy (head) and ін. ; Institute of History of Ukraine NAS of Ukraine. - K.: Science. Dumka, 2005 .-- T. 3: E - J. - S. 285.
• Zastavna // Encyclopedia of Ukraine today: at 30 tons / ed. count І. M. Dziuba [that ін.]; NAS of Ukraine, NTSH, Coordination Bureau of Encyclopedia of Advanced Ukraine NAS of Ukraine. - K., 2003–2016. - ISBN 944-02-3354-X .

• The account card on the website of the Verkhovna Rada
• Encyclopedia of Ukrainian studies / V. Kubіyovich . - Paris; New York: Young Life, 1954-1989. (Ukrainian)
• History of the Jews in the Bukovina. Volume II. Zastavna (Ukraine) (English)
• Zastavna (Polish) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries , volume XIV (Worowo - Żyżyn) from 1895

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  That was the Great Synagogue