Vinokur, Tatyana Grigoryevna

Tatyana Grigoryevna was born in the family of the famous Soviet linguist and literary critic Grigory Osipovich Vinokur , one of the founders of the Moscow Linguistic School. During the Great Patriotic War , she was evacuated with her family in Chistopol , which sheltered many literary figures of the USSR. According to the memoirs of her friend and classmate Neya Zorka , Tatyana Vinokur fled from Chistopol to Moscow, having hired a dishwasher on a steamboat ^[1] .

In 1942-1943, she studied at the theoretical department of the Moscow State Conservatory P. I. Tchaikovsky ^[2] .

In 1948 she graduated from the philological faculty of Moscow State University .

Since 1960 - an employee of the Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

T. G. Vinokur was in correspondence with A. I. Solzhenitsyn , whose work she dedicated her book. Three unpublished letters are of bibliographic value and are sold at auction ^[3] . In the early 1960s, corresponded with K.I. Chukovsky . From his letters it follows that he reviewed the book of Tatyana Georgievna “Old Russian Language”:

The book is very elegant, it feels like somewhere backstage you did a great job and could make each chapter ten times longer. It is the proportionality of all parts that impresses me the most: huge reserves of gradually accumulated knowledge are needed in order to manage our material so skillfully - to say the main thing and not say anything superfluous. Your book taught me a lot. I did not know that the cabbage comes from capitum , that the camel is from the Gothic ulblandis , that the primary meaning of the foot is the hoof.

- K. Chukovsky ^[4]

In the early 1990s, T. G. Vinokur became one of the authors of the series of programs “Conversations about the Russian language” on “ Radio of Russia ”. The topic of the programs was speech behavior, the culture of speech and communication standards accepted in society, as well as the features of Russian etiquette.

Tatyana Vinokur formulated the so-called “ten commandments of the culture of speech behavior”:

1. Avoid verbosity, try to do this in all cases of life.
2. Always know why you entered into a conversation, what is the purpose of your speech.
3. Speak not only briefly, but speak simply, clearly and as accurately as possible.
4. Avoid speech monotony; When choosing speech means, conform to the situation of speech. Remember that the situation requires that different people listen to you in different situations and that in different situations you need to behave differently and speak differently.
5. Be able to find a common language with any interlocutor.
6. Remember that courtesy and benevolence are the basis of a culture of speech behavior.
7. Own a culture of language. This is the basis of the culture of speech behavior.
8. Know the rules of polite communication.
9. Be able to not only talk, but also listen.
10. Defend the right to violate any of the commandments, if this violation will help you achieve a special expressiveness of speech, will help in the best way to complete the task for which you entered into conversation.

- Tatyana Vinokur ^[5]

The unusual style of the story and the peculiarities of Vinokur's voice are devoted to several articles, including Academician Stepanov ^[6] . According to the professor of the philological faculty of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen Sakmara Georgievna Ilyenko T. Vinokur: "possessed an incomparable charm of a native Muscovite from a family with a long university history" ^[7] .

May 22, 1992 Tatyana Grigoryevna died in the center of Moscow under the wheels of a car. She was buried at Vvedensky cemetery ^[8] .

Her memory was devoted to the 2nd edition of the "Guide to spelling and literary editing" by D. E. Rosenthal ^[9] .

In 2005, the library of the RSUH hosted the exhibition “Donation inscriptions on books from the collection of G. O. Vinokur and T. G. Vinokur”, which presented books from the personal collection of famous philologists. According to the organizers of the exhibition, donation inscriptions allow you to see the living history of the philological thought of the 20th century ^[10] .

• T.G. Vinokur. "Old Russian language." - 3rd ed. - LCI, 2008 .-- 120 s. - (History of the languages ​​of the peoples of Europe). - ISBN 978-5-382-00759-5 .
• T.G. Vinokur. Patterns of stylistic use of language units. - 2nd ed. - Librocom, 2009 .-- 242 p. - ISBN 978-5-397-00150-2 .
• T.G. Vinokur. “Talking and listening. Variants of speech behavior. " - M: Nauka , 1993 .-- 172 p. - 2500 copies. - ISBN 5-02-011563-0 .
• T.G. Vinokur. "On the content of some stylistic concepts." - 2 ed. - Librocom, 2009 .-- 104 p. - ISBN 978-5-397-00813-6 .
• Vinokur T.G. Ten Commandments of the Culture of Speech Behavior. // Unforgettable voices of Russia: Voices of Russian philologists are heard. Vol. I. - M .: Languages ​​of Slavic cultures, 2009. - P. 50–63. ISBN 978-5-9551-0327-3 The record is stored in the library of the IRY named after V.V. Vinogradova RAS. For the first time the text of the speech was published in the Russian language newspaper No. 31, 2002.

• N. N. Rozanova. The mystery and the charm of talkativeness // Russian language. - Publishing house "First of September", 2002. - Vol. 31/2002 .
• Moscow encyclopedia. Volume 1: Faces of Moscow. Book 1: A-Z. M .: Publishing center "Moskvovedenie", 2007