Cryptoanarchism is a philosophy that calls for the use of strong cryptography to protect privacy and personal freedom .
The term first appeared in Wired magazine 02/01/1993. The article was called Crypto-Rebels (Crypto Rebels). In it, author Stephen Levy talked about the then-emerging movement of cipher banks, the concentration of data in the hands of large corporations, and raised privacy issues [2] [3] .
Cryptanarchists create virtual communities . Each member of the community remains anonymous until he himself wishes to reveal himself.
Improving tracking methods and expanding Internet communications opens up enormous opportunities for computer tracking of people. Cryptoanarchists believe that the development and use of cryptography can be a defense against this phenomenon. They and cipherpunks believe that the laws of mathematics are stronger than human laws, and therefore cryptanarchism is immortal.
Cryptography and the Law
Crypto-anarchists believe that without the ability to encrypt messages and personal information, personal life will seriously suffer, that the prohibition of cryptography is equivalent to the abolition of the right to privacy of correspondence . They also argue that only a police state can criminalize cryptography. Already, the use of cryptography is illegal in some countries. For example, UK citizens accused of serious crimes, such as terrorism or treason , must, at the request of the authorities, issue their passwords to decrypt their personal information. Failure, under certain conditions, may even result in punishment of up to two years in prison, even if the investigation does not provide other evidence of involvement in the commission of these crimes [4] .
Cryptanarchism is looking for ways to create and deploy an information infrastructure that in no way can be subject to authoritarian influence or interference with the secrecy of correspondence.
Anonymous Trading
Anonymous trading is a buying and selling process in which the identities of the participants in the transaction and the very essence of the transaction should not be known to a third party. Anonymous electronic money , anonymous Internet transfers and cryptographic messaging tools are used to ensure these conditions. A desirable, but not necessary condition is to conduct a transaction in an anonymous network . Before the invention of Blockchain technology , anonymous money transfers were carried out by such centralized systems as Digital Monetary Trust , e-Gold , Pecunix , 1MDC , Liberty Reserve . There was also an anonymous bank, Yodelbank , which worked with users through IIP channels ( Invisible IRC Project , the predecessor of I2P ). All these systems were closed independently or by decision of the authorities. There is also a money transfer system with anonymity elements operating in the UK jurisdiction: Ukash .
With the spread in 2010 of cryptocurrencies operating in a decentralized network , users now have the opportunity to anonymously transfer funds to each other without resorting to the services of intermediaries. Offers for sale are published on a third-party resource, usually on an anonymous network . The most famous such resource was the Silk Road trading platform, closed by the FBI in 2013.
It should be noted that the anonymity of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin , Litecoin , Namecoin and others means pseudo-anonymity, in which a one-time violation of security measures (for example, buying cryptocurrency on the exchange through a regular bank transfer) leads to the disclosure of the owner's identity. Therefore, to enhance anonymity, cryptocurrencies such as Dash and Zerocoin began to be developed.
Since 2014, cryptoplatforms with built-in capabilities for transmitting anonymous encrypted messages, trading in exchange-traded assets and ordinary goods began to be used for anonymous trading. These include: Mastercoin and Nxt ; Bitshares platform was launched in 2014, and Steem media blockchain platform in 2016; other platforms are announced.
See also
- Bitmessage (anonymous messaging system)
- Internet censorship
- Infoanarchism
- Agorism
- Vinge, Vernor
- PGP
Literature
- Ludlow, Peter. Cryptanarchy, cyberstate and pirate utopias. - M .: Ultra . Culture , 2005 .-- 600 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-9681-0032-X .
Notes
- ↑ index . cryptoanarchism.ru. Date of treatment May 28, 2017.
- ↑ Crypto Rebels . Date of appeal March 31, 2018.
- ↑ Cryptoanarchism and Cryptocurrencies . Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Usman Chohan. 11/29/2017
- ↑ Crypto Law Survey
Links
- The crypto anarchist manifesto
- Call for cryptographic weapons , Julian Assange
- Bykov I. A. Cyberspace as a factor in the development of political ideologies , published in the journal Political Science 02'2008
- Bird Kiwi Word and Deed , Computerra Magazine, Issue 16, April 27, 2006
- Yaroslav Om Cyberculture Cyberculture , proza.ru, August 28, 2009
- Security , comics on xkcd.ru
- Cryptanarchism on the Anti - Copyright Wiki