The hero-city is the highest degree of distinction awarded to twelve cities of the Soviet Union , famous for their heroic defense during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 [1] ( see the list of cities below ). In addition, the Brest Fortress was awarded the title of the hero-fortress .
Content
Title History
Obelisk to the Hero-City of Leningrad , Vosstaniya Square, St. Petersburg
For the first time, the cities-heroes were named the cities of Leningrad , Stalingrad , Sevastopol and Odessa in the Order No. 20 of the Supreme Commander dated May 1, 1945 [2] . Kiev was named the hero city in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 21, 1961 "On the establishment of the medal" For the Defense of Kiev "" [3] .
The statute on the honorary title "Hero City" was approved later, on May 8, 1965, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR [4] . On the same day, seven decrees were issued, according to which Leningrad and Kiev were awarded the Gold Star medal [5] , Volgograd (former Stalingrad), Sevastopol and Odessa — the Gold Star medal and the Order of Lenin, and for the first time in Moscow and the Brest Fortress awarded the title of "Hero City" and "Fortress Hero", respectively, with the award of the medal "Gold Star" and the Order of Lenin.
On July 18, 1980, the wording of the Provision was changed: it did not speak about the honorary title , but about the highest degree of difference - the title “Hero City” .
The Title Regulations states:
1. The highest degree of distinction - the title “Hero City” is conferred on cities of the Soviet Union , whose workers showed mass heroism and courage in defending the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
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3. The city, awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "Hero City":
a) the highest award of the USSR — the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal ;
b) a Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is issued.
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6. On the banner of the city, awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "Hero City", the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal are depicted.7. In the city awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of “Hero City”, an obelisk is set up with the depiction of the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the text of the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet.
- The position of the highest degree of distinction - the title of "Hero City" (text)
Hero-Cities and Hero-Fortress
| No | Name | Decree Date Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces title award (rewarding) | In what territory state is located after the collapse of the USSR |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | Leningrad (since 1991 - St. Petersburg ) | May 8, 1965 [6] | Russia |
| 2 | Odessa | May 8, 1965 [6] | Ukraine |
| 3 | Sevastopol | May 8, 1965 [6] | Russia / Ukraine [7] |
| four | Volgograd (before 1961 - Stalingrad) | May 8, 1965 [6] | Russia |
| five | Kiev | May 8, 1965 [6] | Ukraine |
| 6 | Brest Fortress | May 8, 1965 [8] | Belorussia |
| 7 | Moscow | May 8, 1965 | Russia |
| eight | Kerch | September 14, 1973 | Russia / Ukraine [7] |
| 9 | Novorossiysk | September 14, 1973 | Russia |
| ten | Minsk | June 26, 1974 | Belorussia |
| eleven | Tula | December 7, 1976 | Russia |
| 12 | Murmansk | May 6, 1985 | Russia |
| 13 | Smolensk | May 6, 1985 | Russia |
Memorable obelisks and steles in the hero-cities
Stele "Hero-City Volgograd"
Obelisk "Hero-City of Kiev"
Obelisk "Hero City of Leningrad"
Obelisk "Hero-City of Minsk"
Obelisk "Hero City Moscow"
Obelisk "Hero-City Odessa"
Obelisk "Hero-City of Sevastopol"
Memorials to
Memorial to Hero Cities in Kerch
Memorial to the Hero-Cities in Kiev
Memorial to Hero Cities in Moscow
Memorial to the Hero Cities in Novorossiysk
Memorial to Hero Cities in Sevastopol
Memorial to the Hero-Cities in Smolensk
Gallery
Soviet postage stamps of 1965 "Hero-City":
Brest Fortress
Volgograd
Kiev
Leningrad
Moscow
Odessa
Sevastopol
Hero-cities in other countries
In Yugoslavia, in the 1970s, eight cities were awarded the title of Hero City with the award of the Order of the People’s Hero , which is similar to being awarded the title Hero City in the USSR. Similar titles exist in Abkhazia , the DPR , in Cuba , in Vietnam and in .
On August 25, 1981, the governing council of Nicaragua decided to award the honorary title “Hero City” to the cities of Esteli , Masaya , Leon , Matagalpa and Managua .
Notes and References
- ↑ Hero Citys // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Stalin I.V. Works. - M .: "The Writer", 1997. - T. 15. P. 218-221. Order of the Supreme Commander dated May 1, 1945 , No. 20.
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Armed Forces of the USSR "On the establishment of the medal" For the Defense of Kiev "" dated June 21, 1961 .
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 3566-VI dated May 8, 1965 (Bulletin of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1965, N 19, p. 248, clause 7).
- Ленин The Order of Lenin Leningrad was awarded another January 26, 1945, Kiev - June 21, 1961.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Decree awarding the Gold Star medal
- ↑ 1 2 This settlement is located on the territory of the Crimean peninsula , most of which is the object of territorial disagreements between Russia , which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine , within the borders of which are recognized by the international community, the disputed territory is located. According to the federal structure of Russia , in the disputed territory of the Crimea, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are located - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal importance Sevastopol . According to the administrative division of Ukraine , in the disputed territory of the Crimea are located the regions of Ukraine - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with a special status Sevastopol .
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 05.05.1965 No. 3573-VI .
See also
- Obelisks to Hero Cities
- The architecture of the cities-heroes ( book series , Stroyizdat )
- A series of commemorative coins "Heroes City"
- City of Military Glory
- City of the first salute
- Order of the National Hero
- List of cities of the USSR, occupied and liberated during the Great Patriotic War
Hero City Cities Google Maps KMZ ( KMZ Tag File for Google Earth )