Alexander Leonidovich Yanshin ( March 28, 1911 , Smolensk - October 9, 1999 , Moscow ) - Soviet and Russian scientist- geologist , academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958). One of the founders of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Vice-President of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1982-1988), a major public and statesman, President of the Moscow Society of Nature Testers (1967-1999), Honorary Director of the Institute of Lithosphere of the Marginal and Inland Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor , winner of two USSR State Prizes , member of many foreign academies and scientific societies.
Alexander Leonidovich Yanshin | |||||||||||||
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Scientific field | geology | ||||||||||||
Place of work | USSR Academy of Sciences | ||||||||||||
Alma mater | Moscow State University , Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute | ||||||||||||
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Academic title | Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences | ||||||||||||
Famous students | Z. K. Sokolovskaya and many others | ||||||||||||
Known as | Academician, geologist, public and statesman | ||||||||||||
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Content
Biography
Born on March 15 ( 28 ), 1911 in the city of Smolensk , in the family of assistant attorney Leonid A. Yanshin [2] . A. L. Yanshin was the nephew of the artist M. M. Yanshin (1902-1976). Father A. L. Yanshina Leonid Alexandrovich graduated from the law faculty of Moscow University , married Maria Petrovna Lanina, and lived and worked in Smolensk.
In 1928 he entered the geological department of Moscow State University, from where two years later he transferred to the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute .
From May 1, 1936, he worked as an employee of the Geological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (soon became the Institute of Geological Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences). He held the post of head of the regional tectonics department.
In 1937 he was awarded the degree of Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences without defending a thesis.
In 1944, for the successful fulfillment of the tasks of the Government, A. L. Yanshin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. The first major scientific achievement of A. L. Yanshin was the study of stratigraphy , tectonics and geomorphology of the Northern Aral Sea region (1953). In the same year he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences.
After being elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958), Siberia was in the center of AL Yanshin's scientific interests, he developed theoretical foundations and initiated the search for potassium salts and phosphate in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, which led to the discovery of the largest deposit of potassium salts in the Cambrian deposits of the Baikal region and the Hubsugul phosphate-bearing basin in Mongolia.
In 1978, A. L. Yanshin received the USSR State Prize for the 15-volume work "History of the Development of the Relief of Siberia and the Far East", created by a group of authors under his leadership. He was chairman and member of many scientific councils, commissions and committees, was one of the founders of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Oil and Gas Problems SB RAS .
In 1982 he was elected vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences and became director of the Institute of the Lithosphere , moved to Moscow.
He took an active part in many important projects related to environmental issues. As a member of the USSR Supreme Council, he was a member of a number of commissions, taking an active civil position and preparing theoretically valid objections that influenced decisions on the implementation of many environmentally controversial projects of industrialization and transformation of nature: the “river turning project ” [3] , the Volga— Chograi, pollution of Lake Baikal, construction of the Crimean NPP, etc.
In the mid-1980s, in connection with the discussion of the “river turning” project, he became the head of the scientific-expert commission “On improving the efficiency of soil amelioration in agriculture” (the so-called “Yanshin Commission”), which for several years was the environmental center of the country and had decisive influence on the refusal of the USSR leadership on the project [4] .
In 1992 he signed the “ Warning to Humanity” [5] .
In 1993, he became one of the organizers and the first president of the Russian Ecological Academy.
Alexander Leonidovich Yanshin died on October 9, 1999 in Moscow, and was buried at Vvedensky cemetery .
Family
Wives:
- L. N. Formozova (nee. Promptov) (1905–1990) - Soviet geologist, since 1942 she worked in the Department of Lithology, GIN USSR Academy of Sciences , doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences (1958). In the first marriage was for A. N. Formozov .
- F. T. Yanshina (nee. Bikkenina) (1933–2011) - Soviet geologist, philosopher, and historian of science [6] .
Awards
- 1944 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the successful implementation of government tasks in the field of supplying industry with strategic mineral reserves.
- 1945 - Order of the Badge of Honor for the development of industry and science
- 1945 - Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- 1948 - Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
- 1967 - Order of Lenin for the creation of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- 1969 - USSR State Prize for the Tectonic Map of Eurasia
- 1970 - Medal "In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
- 1971 - Order of Lenin for merits in the development of geology and in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth
- 1971 - Medal "50th Anniversary of the Mongolian People's Revolution"
- 1974 - Order of Labor Glory (Mongolia) for geological exploration of the MPR
- 1973 - Gold medal named after A. P. Karpinsky on the totality of works in the field of geology
- 1975 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor for merits in the development of Soviet science and in connection with the 250th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- 1975 - silver medal named after C. Bubnov of the Geological Society of the GDR
- 1978 - USSR State Prize for the monograph "History of the development of the relief of Siberia and the Far East" (15 volumes, 1964-1976)
- 1981 - Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin, for great services in the development of geological science, the training of scientific personnel and in connection with the 70th anniversary [7] .
- 1986 - The Order of the October Revolution for great services in the development of geological science, the training of scientific personnel and in connection with the 75th anniversary
- 1994 - Award to them. A. P. Vinogradov of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the monograph “Lessons from environmental miscalculations” (with A. I. Melua )
- 1996 - Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd degree.
- 1996 - “For Merits” badge of the 1 st degree Russian Academy of Natural Sciences .
Membership in organizations
- 1936 - All-Union Geographical Society ( RGO )
- 1939 - Moscow Society of Nature Testers (MOIP), vice-president (1958), president (c 1967)
- 1958 - Full Member (Academician) of the USSR AS
- 1958 - Member of the Geological Society of France
- 1959 - Member of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- 1960 - Member of the Committee of the Soviet National Association of Historians of Natural Science and Technology, Chairman of the Department of the History of Natural Science and Technology of the National Committee of the RAS on the History and Philosophy of Science (since 1993).
- 1960 - Member of the Bureau of the Quaternary Study Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Chairman (since 1983)
- 1965 - Member of the Bureau of the Interdepartmental Tectonic Committee of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- 1968 - Member of the Library Council for Natural Sciences at the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- 1969 - Honorary Member of the Geological Society of Bulgaria
- 1977 - Board member of the All-Union Society of Knowledge
- 1985 - Chairman of the Commission on the development of the scientific heritage of V. I. Vernadsky
- 1986 - Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture
- 1989–1991 - People's Deputy of the USSR
- 1992 - President of the Russian Ecological Academy
- 1992 - honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
- 1996 - foreign member of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia
- 1997 - Honorary Academician of the Mining Academy
Memory
In honor of A. L. Yanshin:
- Named mineral - Yanshinit (1969, 1978) [8]
- Conducted scientific "Yanshinsky readings"
- Awarded "Yanshinsky prize" [9]
- Created "Foundation named after academician A. L. Yanshin"
External images | |
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Memorial plaque in Novosibirsk |
Mounted plaques on buildings:
- Institute of the lithosphere of marginal and inland seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow
- Joint Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk
Fossil animals [10] :
- Cibicidoides janshini J. Nikitina, 1979 - a species of foraminifera, Oligocene of the Caspian.
- Clavulina janshini Lipman, 1960 - a species of foraminifera, Paleocene of Western Siberia.
- Nuculana janschini Mironova, 1962 - species of bivalve mollusks, Eocene Priaralie.
- Chiton janschini Makarenko, 1969 - a type of polyplacophor, Paleocene of Ukraine.
- Pectinatites ianschini Ilovayski & Florenski, 1941 - type of cephalopods, upper jurassic of the Caspian region.
Fossil plants:
- Cornus janschinii Vasilevsk - Fossil Dören [11]
Addresses
Addresses associated with A. L. Yanshin:
- In Moscow, he lived at the following address: Malaya Kaluzhskaya Street , number 12 [12] .
Literature
- “Academician Alexander Leonidovich Yanshin. Memories. Materials in two books ", - Moscow, Science, 2005.
- Onoprienko V.I. Century Yanshina : to the 100th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding geologist and ecologist of the 20th century. Kiev: Information and Analytical Agency, 2011. 406 p.
Notes
- ↑ Yanshin Alexander Leonidovich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ On 11/15/1916, starting from 10/08/1908, he was an assistant to a sworn attorney Zhdanovich Stanislav Osipovich in Smolensk. // List of attorneys at law of the district of the Moscow Court of Justice and their assistants by November 15, 1916 - M. , 1917. - P. 144.
- ↑ MA A. Akhmetev, Geology and Geophysics, vol. 52, No. 10, p. 1367-1387 (2011).
- ↑ Saks V.N. , Shirokov V.M., Yanshin A.L. Will the rivers flow backwards? // Socialist industry. 1976. No. 287. 7 dec.
- ↑ World Scientists' Warning To Humanity (English) . The appeal date is May 10, 2019.
- ↑ Dobretsov N. L. , Kontorovich A. E. , Reverdatto V. V. , Sobolev N. V. , Epov M. I. , Kanygin A. V. , Polyakov G. V. , Pokhilenko N. P. An Outstanding Scientist -encyclopaedists // Science in Siberia . - 03.24.2011 - No. 12 (2797) . - S. 1, 6-7 .
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 27, 1981 for outstanding achievements in the development of geological science, training of scientific personnel and in connection with the 70th anniversary of Yanshin Alexander Leonidovich awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Sickle Hammer gold medal
- ↑ In 1993, reduced to the synonym of the mineral torogummit
- ↑ Borozin M. The constellation of bright talents shone in Russian science // Green World. 2000. № 9/10. Pp. 28-29
- ↑ Krymgolts G. Ya., Krymgolts NG The names of domestic geologists in paleontological names. St. Petersburg, 2000. C. 139.
- ↑ Baranov V.I. Stages of development of flora and vegetation of the USSR in the tertiary period. Part 3: Results of the study of fossil tertiary floras and the problem of relics in the modern vegetation of the USSR . Scientific notes of Kazan State University, 1954. 361 c.
- ↑ Yanshin Alexander Leonidovich // Moscow Encyclopedia. / Ch. ed. S. O. Schmidt . - M. , 2007—2014. - T. Tom I. Faces of Moscow : [in 6 books.].
Links
- Yanshin, Alexander Leonidovich . The site " Heroes of the country ."
- Profile of Alexander Leonidovich Yanshin on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Bibliography and documents of A. L. Yanshin in the Information System " History of Geology and Mining "
- Academician A.L. Yanshin - Museum of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- In memory of A. L. Yanshin
- The life of Yanshin in three books - Science in Siberia
- A.L. Yanshin in the Museum of History of the NSU