Circus, Ferdinand

Educated at the University of Bonn ; in 1860, with a scientific purpose, visited Iceland ; in 1863 he was appointed professor of mineralogy in Lviv , in 1868 in Kiel , in 1870 in Leipzig , where he also was director of the Mineralogical Museum. Zirkel undertook field trips to Scotland , the Pyrenees, and North America ( 1874 ), where he took part in a collective study of the 40th parallel. In 1894 - 1895 he traveled to Ceylon and India .

Zirkel worked mainly on microscopic studies of the structure of minerals . In addition to numerous articles published in special journals, they were separately published: “Reise nach Island im Sommer 1860” (in collaboration with V. Preyer, Lpts., 1862); “Lehrbuch der Pétrographie” (Bonn, 1866 and Lpts., 1893 —95); “Untersuchungen über die mikroskopische Zusammensetzung und Struktur der Basaltgesteine” (Bonn, 1869); “Die mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine” (Lp. 1873); Microscopical petrography (New York). Zirkel edited the 13th edition of the mineralogy textbook of his predecessor in the department of prof. Naumann: Elemente der Mineralogie (1897).

In honor of Zirkel named mineral zirkelit .

In 1898 he was awarded the Wollaston Medal .

• Zirkel, Ferdinand // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.