Safety shoes

On the modern market, special medical, construction footwear, footwear for employees of the security service and other service departments, for employees of food, chemical enterprises and so on are presented.

There is a classification of safety shoes according to the form of execution: boots , boots with an extended boot, boots with a shortened boot, ankle boots, boots , low shoes, shoes , shoe covers , galoshes , bots, slippers ( sandals ).

Work shoes are made based on officially accepted quality standards . So, the European Union has adopted the standard for testing methods for safety shoes ISO 20344: 2004. An analogue of this standard in Russia is GOST 12.4.127-83 SSBT “Special shoes. Nomenclature of quality indicators. ”

Special-purpose footwear should protect:

• from mechanical influences ( blows , cuts, punctures , abrasion, vibration ),
• from slipping
• from elevated temperatures ,
• from low temperatures
• from radioactive contamination ,
• from electric current ,
• from moisture
• from toxic substances
• from general industrial pollution,
• from harmful biological factors,
• from static loads.

Special shoes must exactly match the size and anatomical features of the structure of the foot , be comfortable, reliable, wear-resistant. The design of safety shoes and the material from which it is made must not contain harmful substances or elements dangerous to humans. It is important that the shoes are as light as possible and meet hygienic requirements to maintain a normal microclimate.

As a rule, in the manufacture of external parts of special-purpose shoes, genuine leather or leatherette is used. Internal parts can be made of fur, synthetic or natural fabrics. Of course, genuine leather would be an ideal material for interior decoration of shoes, but this is not always beneficial from a material point of view. Therefore, you can often find models that have a lining of fabric.

The main material for the manufacture of special shoes is yuft . This is a combination leather tanned leather that is produced from pork skin or cattle skin . Yuft leathers of various types have their own special functional characteristics and properties, but they all have good strength, environmental friendliness. The minus of yufti is a satisfactory indicator of aesthetics. That is why the material is most in demand in the manufacture of shoes for work in an aggressive environment, often in the open air. High quality, beautiful appearance, but higher price have chrome leather. Also, in view of the affordable cost, a leather split is popular, the front variety of which goes to the upper part of the shoe, and the bakhtarmy split - to the lining.

It is advisable to use artificial leather if it is necessary to obtain low-cost products at the output. Any varieties of artificial leather are inferior in their characteristics and operational properties to natural materials. Therefore, it is recommended to use leather substitute only in the manufacture of minor details of the design of special-purpose shoes.

The following types of modern materials are used for the production of soles: nitrile , polyurethane , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , thermoplastic elastomer. The choice of one or another option depends on the characteristics of the intended operating environment for special-purpose shoes. So, nitrile is characterized by a very wide range of withstand temperatures (- 40 to + 200 ° C), good wear resistance and resistance to aggressive substances, excellent adhesion to the soil , and low maintenance. The disadvantages of nitrile include high weight, relatively high cost, complexity of production. Polyurethane is a very lightweight, practical, durable material. But it is sensitive to the effects of low temperatures, short-lived, can be exposed to fungus, in addition, the sole of PU glides. Polyvinyl chloride today is really easy to manufacture, such soles do not slip, but they can not withstand very low temperatures, an aggressive operating environment. The PVC sole will not last long and will cause discomfort with its rather large weight. Thermoelastoplast is wear-resistant, has good soil adhesion, a wide temperature operating range (–100 to +100 C °), but is limited in interaction with oils and gasoline .

An important indicator of the quality of winter or demi-season shoes for special purposes is insulation. In this issue, there is a typical separation of materials by quality category. Modern shoe production offers natural, artificial fur or synthetic materials as insulation. Of course, natural fur has the most valuable qualities, but it has a high cost.

• Efremkin A.F., Ivanov V.B., Romanyuk A.P., Shibanov V.V. Structural Features of Dienstyrene Thermoplastic Elastomers Modified by Monomers // J. Navy. A. 1990.V. 32. No. 9, p. 1995-2001.
• Ivanov V. B., Romanyuk A. P., Shibanov V. V. Kinetics of polymerization in dienstyrene block copolymers // J. Navy. 1993 T. 35. No. 2, p. 119–124.

• GOST 12.4.103-83 SSBT. Special shoes. Nomenclature of quality indicators. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.033-77 Special leather shoes for protection against slipping on a healed surface. Technical conditions (inaccessible link)
• GOST 28507-90 Special leather shoes for protection against mechanical stress. General specifications. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.104-81 SSBT. Special leather shoes. Method for determining the total thermal resistance. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.106-81 SSBT. Special leather shoes. Method for determining the strength of attachment of external protective socks. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.137-84 Special footwear for protection against oil, oil products, acids, alkalis, non-toxic and explosive dust. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.138-84 SSBT. Special leather shoes. A method for determining the coefficient of reduction in the strength of fastening of bottom parts from exposure to elevated temperatures. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.162-85 SSBT. Special footwear made of polymeric materials for protection against mechanical stress. General technical requirements. Test methods. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.165-85 SSBT. Special leather shoes. A method for determining the coefficient of reduction in the strength of fastening from exposure to aggressive environments. (inaccessible link)
• GOST R 12.4.187-97 Special leather footwear for protection against general industrial pollution. General technological conditions. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 28507-90 Special leather shoes for protection against mechanical stress. General specifications. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.050-78 SSBT. Special felted shoes for protection against elevated temperatures. Technical conditions. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.032-77 Special leather shoes for protection against elevated temperatures. Technical conditions. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.076-90 SSBT. Materials for special leather shoes. Nomenclature of quality indicators. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 7296-81 Shoes. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12265-78 Molded rubber boots that protect against water, petroleum oils and mechanical stress. Technical conditions. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 12.4.072-79 Special rubber molded boots that protect against oil, oil products and fats. Technical conditions. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 5375-79 Molded rubber boots. Technical conditions (inaccessible link)
• GOST 13385-78 Special dielectric shoes made of polymeric materials. Technical conditions. (inaccessible link)
• GOST 18724-88 Felted coarse-haired shoes. Technical conditions. (inaccessible link)