Stutthof ( German: Stutthof ) - Nazi concentration camp . It was created in 1939 in the territory occupied by the Third Reich of Poland near the village. now (now the village of Stuttovo), east of Danzig (Gdansk). During the war years, about 110 thousand prisoners were sent to this camp, of which about 65 thousand were killed. In addition to medical experiments, it is known for the production of soap from human bodies [1] [2] . It is currently a museum registered in the State Register of Museums .
| Stutthof | |
|---|---|
| Stutthof | |
 Checkpoint | |
| Type of | Labor camp |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | |
| Operation period | September 1939 - May 1945 |
| Number of prisoners | 110,000 |
| Death toll | 65,000 |
| Guiding organization | The Gestapo |
| Camp commandants | Max Pauli (1939-42) Werner Hoppe (1942-45) |
Content
History
The camp, located 37 kilometers from Danzig (today's Gdansk), was founded immediately after Nazi Germany attacked Poland as a prison for civilians. Two years later, on October 1, 1941, the camp received the status of a “special camp” and was subordinate to the Gestapo of Danzig. From January 7, 1942 until the end of World War II, he had the status of a “concentration camp of the first degree” ( German: Konzentrationslager der Stufe I ) [3] .
Close
On January 25, 1945, the camp administration began the evacuation of prisoners. About 11,600 people left the camp and were driven west, in convoys of 1,000 to 1,500 people, each of whom was assigned 40 guards. The columns walked for ten days in the cold almost without food at a distance of about 7 kilometers from each other.
On January 31, SS soldiers shot and killed about 3,000 Jewish prisoners on the Baltic Sea near the town of Palmniken (today's Amber ).
On May 9, 1945, soldiers of the 48th Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front entered the territory of the Stutthof concentration camp.
War Criminal
From 1946 to 1947, three trials took place in Poland . Many defendants received death sentences.
After the war, camp commander Paul Werner Hoppe was hiding under a fake name. In 1946, he was arrested, but in the fall of 1949 he fled from an internment camp in Switzerland [4] . In December 1952, he returned to Germany [4] , where he was arrested in April 1953. In 1957, a Bochum court sentenced Hoppe to 9 years in prison. Also in this process, Carl Otto Knott was sentenced to 3 years and 3 months [5] . In 1960, Hoppe was released [4] and until his death in 1974 he lived in Bochum.
In 1964, three employees of the camp appeared before a court in Tübingen [6] . Otto Haupt was sentenced to 12 years in prison, Bernhard Ludtke received 6 years, and Karl Otto Knott was fully acquitted [7] .
In works of art
- Roman Balisa Sruogi "Forest of the Gods"
- The feature film "Forest of the Gods" ("Dievų miškas"), based on the novel by Balis Sruoga, Lithuania, 2005
- Mention in the film The last case of Commissioner Berlach .
See also
- List of Nazi concentration camps
Notes
- ↑ Denying history: who says the Holocaust never happened and why do they say it? Michael Shermer, Alex Grobman, University of California Press, 2002, The Human Soap Controversy, pp. 114-117
- ↑ Werth, Alexander (1964). Russia at War, 1941-1945. Dutton. p. 1019
- ↑ Wolfgang Scheffler, Diana Schulle. Buch der Erinnerung / Book of Remembrance: Die ins Baltikum deportierten deutschen, österreichischen und tschechoslowakischen Juden / The German, Austrian and Czechoslovakian Jews deported to the Baltic States. - Walter de Gruyter, 2003 .-- P. 40. - 1072 p. - ISBN 9783110956245 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Andrea Rudorff. Das KZ Auschwitz 1942–1945 und die Zeit der Todesmärsche 1944/45 . - Berlin / Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2018 .-- S. 623. - 884 p. - ISBN 978-3-11-036503-0 . - ISBN 978-3-11-057378-7 . - ISBN 978-3-11-057110-3 .
- ↑ Nazi Crimes on Trial case Nr 446 (English) . expofacto.nl . Date of treatment March 28, 2019.
- ↑ 3 Ex-Nazis to Be Tried . nytimes.com . The New York Times (November 8, 1964). Date of treatment March 28, 2019.
- ↑ Nazi Crimes on Trial case Nr 584 (English) . expofacto.nl . Date of treatment March 28, 2019.
Literature
- in Russian
- Martin Nielsen. Report from Stutthof = Rapport fra Stutthof. - Gyldendal, 1947 .-- 170 s.
- Trudy Birger “Tomorrow Never Comes”
- in German
- Karin Orth. Die Konzentrationslager-SS. Soziokulturelle Analysen und biographische Studien. - Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2000 .-- 335 p. - ISBN 3-89244-380-7 .
- Schoschana Rabinovici. Dank meiner mutter - Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 2005 .-- ISBN 3-596-80571-6 .
- Dieter Schenk. Hitlers Mann in Danzig. Albert Forster und die NS-Verbrechen in Danzig-Westpreußen. - Bonn: Verlag Dietz, 2000 .-- 351 p. - ISBN 3-8012-5029-6 .
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to KL Stutthof
- Camp Stutthof
- stutthof.pl
- [1] (inaccessible link)