The Trinity-Sergius Monastery of the Kazan Kremlin was founded in 1553 by the monks of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and existed until the end of the XVIII century.
| Monastery | |
| Trinity Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Trinity Monastery in the Kazan Kremlin panorama | |
| A country |  Russia |
| City | Kazan |
| Denomination | Orthodoxy |
| Diocese | Kazan |
| Type of | male |
| Founding date | 1553 |
The monastery was located in the center of the Kremlin, north of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky monastery , between the Transfiguration and the Deaf quadrangular towers, at the place where the Cadet School (1840) was later built, and the Kul-Sharif Mosque (2005) [1] [2] .
Content
History
The Trinity Monastery of St. Sergius near Moscow had numerous farmsteads throughout the country, and the Kazan Trinity Monastery in the Kazan Kremlin initially had the status of a monastery residence (in Sviyazhsk the Trinity Compound appeared a year earlier), and was always considered ascribed to the Trinity Sergius Lavra.
The foundation and choice of the place of the monastery is associated with the miraculous appearance of St. Sergius on the eve of the capture of the city, as evidenced by the "History of the Kazan Kingdom" ("Kazan Chronicler") and oral legends [2] .
Little is known about the history of the Trinity Monastery. The oldest church plate was donated to the monastery of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. In comparison with the neighboring Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery , Trinity has always been poor, did not have extensive land.
On February 1, 1553, the Trinity Monastery received a certificate in the courtyard in Kazan and in the suburban place for stamping horses. In the summer of 1553, a small territory was allotted for the monastery in the Kremlin “going to the Spassky Gate” near the Tezitsky ravine, where the church of Sergius of Radonezh and the Trinity Church in winter were soon erected cuboid in shape. The monastery was bordered by the courtyards of the “noblemen”, who came to Kazan for an annual sovereign service, built courtyards, and after the end of their service they sold them to their successors [4] . Over time, the monastery received a gift and acquired about eight neighboring courtyards.
It is known that the third Kazan Archbishop Tikhon (Khvorostinin) found rest in the Trinity Pogost (later the saint was reburied in the basement of the cathedral of the Annunciation Cathedral of the Kazan Kremlin, alongside other Kazan archpastors).
In 1764, during the administration of the Kazan diocese of Archbishop Veniamin Pucek-Grigorovich , by the decree of Empress Catherine II, secularization of church lands was carried out, hundreds of monasteries were closed throughout Russia. During this period, 11 monasteries have been closed in the Kazan diocese: Trinity in Sviyazhsk , Makarevskaya desert at Sviyazhsk, the Trinity in Yelabuga Sretensky in Cheboksary , the Ascension in Tsivilsk , the Kazan Mother of God in Yadrin , Yulia Zhadovskaya deserts near Simbirsk , the Savior Yunginsky in this Gornomariyskom District of the Republic of Mari El, Pokrovsky in Kukarskaya Sloboda , Solovetsky desert under Simbirsk , Trinity in Syzran district . Seven nunneries were also closed: Uspensky in Kazan (the largest in the diocese, the church was demolished in the 1970s, now the CSC Pyramid is in its place), Nikolsky in Kazan (under the Nikolo-Lyapunovskaya church, the church was demolished after 1917, its place is now the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan ), Nikolsky in Cheboksary , Blagoveshchensky in Cheboksary , Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky in Yadrin , Troitsky in Tsarevokokshaisk , Assumption in Kukarskaya Sloboda [5] ...
Primarily monasteries were to be abolished in the first place, therefore the Trinity Monastery was included in the list of abolished cloisters and completed its more than two hundred years of existence. The fire of 1774, which occurred during the storming of the Kremlin by Yemelyan Pugachev, completed the destruction of the monastic ensemble. In 1787, the Kazan Archbishop Ambrose (Podobedov) ordered to disassemble the Trinity Church for its decay: the iconostasis, icons, and utensils were transferred to the Cathedral of the Annunciation , and the brick was transferred to the Kazan Theological Seminary.
After the fire, the arsenal of the cannon yard was located on the territory of the former monastery, which, in turn, was discontinued due to the large Kazan fire in September 1815. A part of the territory of the Trinity Monastery was given to stable yards and an orchard of the Transfiguration Monastery .
From 1825 to 1837, a school of battalion military cantonists was built on the site of the monastery, which functioned until 1866. In 1866, the Kazan Junker School , which existed until 1917, was founded instead of the school of cantonists.
In the Soviet period until 1994 in the territory of the former. Troitsky and Spassky monasteries located military unit.
Currently, the National Art Gallery "Hazine" is located in the building of the former Junker College , in the courtyard of which the Kul-Sharif mosque was erected in 2005. In 1996–2003, when, due to the construction of the foundation of a new mosque, the remains of an ancient monastery churchyard were lost, large-scale archaeological excavations were organized in the territory of the former Trinity Sergius Monastery organized by the Kazan Kremlin State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Preserve and Department of State Control, Protection and Use of Monuments of History and Culture under the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan under the general guidance of the doctor of historical sciences F.Sh.Huzin and employees of the research team "Archeology of the Kazan Kremlin", established at the National Center for Archaeological Research of the Institute of Language, Literature and History. G. Ibragimova of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (now the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan). Archaeologists have identified the Trinity Churchyard XVI - XVII with an area of up to 4500 sq. M.
Part of the graves was apparently transferred to the Assumption Zilant monastery and the chapel of the All-Merciful Savior in the church of Yaroslavl wonderworkers [6] [7] , according to other sources, the monastery cemetery of several hundred graves was liquidated in 1997. "Without any notice to the parties interested in the normal reburial of these burials." [eight]
Notes
- ↑ Kazan Theological Seminary of the Russian Orthodox Church / Electronic Library of the Kazan Theological Seminary / History of the Kazan Diocese / Archpastors of Kazan 1555-2007 / Archpastors: Lawrence,…
- ↑ 1 2 Roschektaev Andrey Vladimirovich. Guide to the shrines of the Kazan Diocese. Part 1: The Kremlin Archived November 26, 2012.
- ↑ Design and New Architecture
- ↑ Kashtanov SM. The emergence of Russian land tenure in the Kazan region (Documents) // Scientific notes of the Kazan State Pedagogical Institute. - Kazan, 1973. - Vol. 116. - p. 3-35.
- ↑ Kazan Theological Seminary of the Russian Orthodox Church / Electronic Library of the Kazan Theological Seminary / History of the Kazan Diocese / Archpastors of Kazan 1555—2007 / Archpastors: Veniamin, A.
- ↑ Roschektaev Andrey Vladimirovich. Guide to the shrines of the Kazan Diocese. Part 1: The Kremlin (inaccessible link) . Circulation date February 1, 2010. Archived October 3, 2009.
- ↑ Orthodoxy in Tatarstan. Archbishop Anastasius consecrated the chapel. Diocese News (2006) (not available link)
- ↑ Alexander Vladimirovich Zhuravsky. New myth-making in modern historical science
See also
- Kazan saints
- Orthodox churches of Kazan