Barak Khan

Barak Khan was a prince, the son of Koyrichak and the grandson of Urus Khan . Until 1419, his activities are unknown. After the death of the Mangyt Edige in early 1419, he fled from the Golden Horde and appeared at the court of Ulugbek in Samarkand . Ulugbek graciously accepted the prince and contributed to his plans to seize power in the State of nomadic Uzbeks . Despite the help of Ulugbek, Barak was again defeated by Ulu-Muhammed and wandered on the outskirts of the State of nomadic Uzbeks . On August 31, 1420, Kepek , the son of Tokhtamysh , defeated another candidate for power.

According to R. Yu. Pochekaev, he enjoyed the support of the Nogai Biy , the son of Edigey Mansur . Barak defeated Ulu-Muhammad in 1421-22 and proclaimed himself khan, and Mansur became a beclari-bek with him. Muhammad took refuge in Lithuania at Vytautas . After that, another pretender to the throne - Hudaydat , who also was defeated by Barak in 1422, came out against Barak. In 1423, Barak, having defeated Ulu-Muhammad , seized power in the Golden Horde, proclaiming himself a khan.

According to B.A. Akhmedov, Barak in 1422-23 captured most of the Uzbek Horde , and in 1423-25. Shed and other cities of the Golden Horde.

After the defeat, Ulu-Muhammad defeated by Barak fled to Lithuania , after which, with the support of Vytautas , he returned to the steppes in 1424, having taken possession of Crimea first, then Hadjitarhan , and in 1426 recaptured Sarai from Barak. Having retreated to East Desht, Barak tried to improve his affairs at the expense of the former patron Ulugbek. He was able to defeat Ulugbek, but his father Shahrukh helped and Barak was defeated. Failures led to confusion among the supporters of Barak, and he, suspecting Mansur of treason, executed him in 1427. Barack managed to subjugate his subjects and in 1427 again captured Sarai. Muhammad retained power in Bulgaria and Hadjitarhan. Immediately after this, another Crimean prince Davlet-Birdie (his relative, Haji Girey , founded the Crimean Khanate in 1449 ) attacked Barak, who was able to capture Sarai, but only for a few days, the returning Barak defeated and, most likely, killed Devlet-Birdie. However, the war with Devlet-Birdie depleted Barak’s strength and he was finally expelled east of the Volga by Muhammad. Reigning for only about five years, Barak was killed by Gazi and Naurus , the brothers of Mansur, avenging his execution, in Mogulistan in 1428 - 1429 . (according to other sources, in 1427-1428 )

According to Muiz al-ansab and Nusrat-nama, Barak Khan had three sons and one daughter named Saadat-begim; the names of his sons: Mir-Sayyid, Mir-Qasim, Abu Sayd, "which is also called Janibek." After leaving east of the Itil River, the descendants of Barak Khan will never return to the Volga cities. Khan's son Zhanibek khan and nephew Kerey Khan founded the Kazakh Khanate in 1456 .

• Grekov B.D., Yakubovsky A. Yu. The Golden Horde and its fall . - M. - L. , 1950.
• Parunin A.V. Political Biography of Barak Khan
• Parunin A.V. The death of Barak Khan: the experience of reconstruction
• Pochekaev R. Yu. Kings of the Horde. - SPb. : Eurasia, 2010. - ISBN 978-5-91852-010-9
• Akhmedov B.A. State of nomadic Uzbeks. - M .: "Science", 1965.
• Barak Khan // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2004. - T. I. - ISBN 9965-9389-9-7 .
• Barak (Tsar of the Horde) // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. , 1900. - T. 2: Aleksinsky - Bestuzhev-Ryumin.

• THE BEGINNING OF THE KAZAKH STATE