Iakob (Jacob) Gogebashvili ( Georgian იაკობ სიმონის ძე გოგებაშვილი ; October 15, 1840 - July 1, 1912 ) - Georgian teacher , children's writer and journalist , is considered the founder of scientific pedagogy in Georgia.
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He is also known for his masterfully composed primer for children " Grandfather Ena " ( Georgian. დედა ენა - "Mother Tongue"), which in its updated form is to this day a textbook in Georgian schools. Since 1880, every Georgian learned to read and write in his native language using the Gogebashvili primer [1] [2] .
Content
Biography
Iakob Gogebashvili was born in the village of Variani near Gori ( Georgia ) in a poor family of a priest Simon Gogebashvili on October 15 ( October 27 in a new style) in 1840 . Until nine years old, he received home education under the guidance of his father. [3]
He studied at the Theological School in Gori and from 1849 the Tiflis Theological Seminary , and then entered the Theological Academy in Kiev in 1861 . At the same time, he attended lectures on natural sciences at Kiev University , where he got acquainted with the political ideas of Russian enlighteners, such as Herzen , Belinsky and Chernyshevsky . However, unlike many contemporary Georgian students, he did not fall under the influence of Russian radicals. Theological seminary had a greater influence on the formation of Iakob Gogebashvili. [4] Having returned to Georgia in 1863 due to illness, [3] he taught arithmetic and geography at the Tiflis Theological Seminary, and then became its inspector [5] .
Gogebashvili was an active participant in the national liberal movement and the Pirveli Dasi group. His name is put on a par with the names of Ilya Chavchavadze and Akaki Tsereteli [5] . Gogebashvili’s apartment, attended by seminary students, soon became a haven for discussion of forbidden topics in art and politics [6] . His active position led to the fact that in 1874 Gogebashvili was fired by order of the Holy Synod, since then he has not held public posts [5] . He was accused of political double-dealing, separatism and propaganda among students of atheism, liberalism and radicalism. [3]
After that, Gogebashvili devoted all his energy to the dissemination of education among his compatriots. In 1879, he helped found the Literacy Society among Georgians . Gogebashvili struggled with Russification, stopped the erosion of the Georgian language, whose status he compared to “an unfortunate foundling, deprived of all care and protection.” [7] Gogebashvili quickly gained influence among the intelligentsia and became an associate of Ilya Chavchavadze, who led the movement for the national revival of the Georgian nation , before the assassination of Chavchavadze in 1907 .
The most famous work of Gogebashvili, the ABC book of Grandfather En, was first published in 1876 . The transition from the alphabet to literary texts, a number of encyclopedic articles, the primer went through countless editions, updates and modifications, and became the standard of the primer in the Georgian language. [one]
In addition to the primer, Jacob Gogebashvili presented the children with two more large books: “The Key to Nature” and “Russian Word”. He translated the best stories of L. Tolstoy, K. Ushinsky and others into Georgian. He participated in the creation of the first children's magazine. He wrote a lot of stories.
Of the pressing social problems of his era, Jacob Gogebashvili considered the national problem to be paramount. As he himself said, “ this is due to the fact that our national situation is more dangerous than economic. The national side of our existence was painful and bothered us more than the social . ” [eight]
He died on June 1 ( June 14, according to the new style) of 1912 in Tiflis . In 1940, his ashes were reburied in the pantheon of Mtatsminda .
Memory
- The Government of the Georgian SSR in 1960 established a medal to them. Gogebashvili, which is awarded to figures of pedagogical science and public education.
- In 1960, the USSR postage stamp dedicated to Gogebashvili was issued.
- Telavi State Pedagogical Institute named after Y. Gogebashvili.
- Gogebashvili is named after a street in Tbilisi.
Bibliography
Below is a series of works by Yakov Gogebashvili [5] :
- "The alphabet of the Georgian language and the first reading book for students"; cargo. ქართული ენის ანბანი და პირველი საკითხავი წიგნი მოსწავლეთათვის , Kartuli enis anbani da pirveli sakitkhavi tsigni mostsavletatvis (1865);
- "The gates of nature"; cargo. ბუნების კარი , Bunebis kari (1865);
- " Grandfather Aene " ("Native language") cargo. დედა ენა , Deda ena (1876).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Rayfield, p. 173.
- ↑ Lang, p. 111.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Essays on the history of Georgia. Volume 5. Georgia in the IV — X centuries / [Ed .: M. Lordkipanidze, D. Muskhelishvili] -, 1988-580 p.
- ↑ Rayfield, p. 174.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 GOGEBASHVILI, JACOB (IAKOB ) . Dictionary of Georgian national biography. Archived on April 16, 2012.
- ↑ Suni, p. 135.
- ↑ Lang, p. 111; Rayfield, p. 174; Suni, p. 133
- ↑ Gogebashvili Y. S. Internal Review - Op. in 10 volumes, vol. I. Ed. G. Tavzishvili, D. Lortkipanidze, 3. Kiknadze, V. Kajaya. Tbilisi, 1952-1965, p. 391.
Links
- Gogebashvili Yakov Semenovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Biography of Gogebashvili Yakov Semenovich
- German Tsverianishvili. Outstanding humanist educator Jacob Gogebashvili