Nikolai Mikhailovich Fedorovsky (November 30 ( December 12 ), 1886 , Kursk - August 27, 1956 , Moscow ) - Soviet mineralogist, founder of applied mineralogy , doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor of Moscow State University , corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences [2] .
| Nikolai Mikhailovich Fedorovsky | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Kursk , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | Moscow , USSR |
| A country |  Russian Empire  RSFSR (1917-1922) ,  the USSR |
| Scientific field | mineralogy |
| Place of work | Moscow State University |
| Alma mater | Moscow University (1915) |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1935) |
| Academic rank | corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1933) |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 Repression
- 1.2 Rehabilitation
- 2 memory
- 3 Major works
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Biography
An active participant in the revolutionary movement since 1902.
Member of the RSDLP since 1904.
One of the founders of the Moscow Mining Academy 1918 . Organizer and first director ( 1923 - 1937 ) of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials (SIMS).
He founded the method of comprehensive study of minerals from prospecting and exploration to the industrial development of raw materials for a number of mining industries . Developed a classification of minerals by energy attribute and industrial application [3] .
Nikolai Fedorovsky laid the foundations of the State Cadastre of CCCP deposits ; under his leadership, the Mining Charter was developed - the basis of Soviet subsoil legislation. The author of a textbook and many books on mineralogy and minerals [4] .
Repression
On October 25, 1937, Fedorovsky was arrested "for participating in an anti-Soviet organization," and was being held in Lubyanka in the NKVD internal prison. April 29, 1938 a general meeting of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR at which Fedorovsky was expelled from the Academy. On April 26, 1939, Fedorovsky was found guilty under articles 58, clauses 1a, 7, 8, 11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and, by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, was sentenced to 15 years in camps without the right of correspondence, followed by unlimited exile and 5 years of deprivation of political rights. He served his sentence in Vorkutlag , then in 1942 he was transferred to Moscow, where, as a prisoner, he worked at the Institute of Fertilizers. In 1944, Fedorovsky was sent to serve his sentence in Krasnoyarsk , where in Zlobin he was engaged in loading barges. But it was hard for him to cope with this work and he asked to Norilsk , where then people in great need of educated people like him. In Norilsk, he sailed along the Yenisei River in a common cabin on the ship, together with the repeat offenders, criminals who mocked him, but the Bessarabian landowner Euphrosyne Kersnovskaya interceded for him.
From the memoirs of Kersnovskaya:
| The whole bunch of bandits had fun. The subject of this entertainment is an elderly, intelligent-looking man with a beard - Professor Fedorovsky. Seated on the upper tier held his legs and rocked in the aisle between the rows of lining. He flew through the air like a volleyball, and the pack surrounding him, men and women, cackling with delight, from time to time kicked him higher. The old man did not scream. Maybe he just suffocated, hanging upside down, or maybe he realized that it was useless. Probably, I also understood that my intervention would have the most deplorable consequences for me, but I couldn’t have provided the animal that was torturing me with a sad fate, and then there was a man in front of me. |
In Norilsk, Fedorovsky taught mineralogy at the geological college, then worked at the Norilsk Combine . During this period, Fedorovsky was unkempted for some time, but in 1951 he was again placed in the Norillag zone for general work.
Rehabilitation
After the death of Stalin in 1953, Fedorovsky was released from the zone, but remained in Norilsk. In 1954, Fedorovsky was rehabilitated, however, learning about this, he received a stroke (his right arm and leg were paralyzed, speech was lost). The daughter moved the seriously ill Fedorovsky to Moscow, but he never recovered after a stroke. On February 2, 1955, the General Meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences was held, at which N. M. Fedorovsky was reinstated as a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and was thus able to gain access to the most modern treatment. Nikolai Fedorovsky died in Moscow on August 27, 1956, was buried in the new Donskoy cemetery .
Memory
In honor of N. M. Fedorovsky were named:
- The All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials (VIMS) is named after N. M. Fedorovsky.
- Fedorovskit is a mineral discovered by S.V. Malinko (VIMS) in 1975 in the Solongo deposit, Buryatia .
- Street in Talnakh .
- Embankment in Nizhny Novgorod .
Major works
- The course of mineralogy. - 5th ed. - M. - L., 1934.
- Genetic mineralogy. - Pg., 1920.
- Economic mineralogy of the USSR. - at. 1. - M. - L., 1936.
- Our achievements in the field of applied mineralogy. - M.—L., 1935
- Classification of minerals by energy indicators. - M. - L., 1935.
Notes
- ↑ Fedorovsky Nikolai Mikhailovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Profile of H.M. Fedorovsky on the official website of the RAS
- ↑ Fedorovsky, Nikolai Mikhailovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Z. C. Vishnevskaya. Nikolai Mikhailovich Fedorovsky (1886-1956)
Literature
- Paramonov I.V., Korobochkin N.P. Nikolai Mikhailovich Fedorovsky (1886-1956). - (Scientific and biographical series). - M. - L .: Nauka, 1979. - 168 p.
- Name of Fedrovsky
- Fedorovsky Embankment in Nizhny Novgorod. Photo album
Links
- Fedorovsky Nikolay Mikhailovich
- Fedorovskit - a mineral
- Bibliography in the Information System " History of Geology and Mining. "