Bayats ( azerb. Bayatılar , Turk. Baýatlar ) - Oguz Turkic tribe [1] , settled in Azerbaijan , Iraq , Iran , Syria , Turkmenistan and Turkey [1] [2] . They are a sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis and Turkmens [3] .
Bayats - Turkic-Oguz tribe, who stood together with the Kayi tribe at the head of all 24 Oguz tribes - "il bashi kayy-bayat." In the traditions of Turkic tribes, the origin of this tribe is elevated to Bayat, the grandson of Oguz Khan . In the Safavid era, representatives of this tribe at the court were considered a noble aristocracy, [4] which, until the end of the 16th century, enjoyed exclusive privileges at the Shah’s court, occupying leading military and state posts. The word “bayat” is translated as “happy and full of grace” and “rich”. The word “bayat” is a plural from the Mongol-Oirat word “bayan, bayne”, which means “rich” and has been known since the days of the founder of the Hun Empire, Mode, who in the III century BC. e. ruled the Bayan tribe. Bayats in Azerbaijan speak the southern dialect of the Azerbaijani language . [five]
The “bayat” tribe came to Azerbaijan in the 13th century along with the Mongol conquerors. Initially, it settled in Asia Minor, where it mixed with other Seljuk tribes, but by the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries it merged into the Kyzylbash tribe and moved to Azerbaijan. At the beginning of the 20th century, the toponym “Bayat” was found in Azerbaijan in the Geokchay district - Bayt-Melik-Ummud, Bayat-Kadyr-Huseyn; in Javad - Bayat; in the Cuban - Syndjan Bayat, Uzun Bayat; in Shemakha - Bayat; in Shushinsky - Bayat. [6]
At present, the bayat Turkmen live in several etraps of the Lebap velayat and the Magtymguly etrap of the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan [7] .
Famous Representatives
Prominent representatives of the Bayat tribe are:
- Fizuli , poet and thinker of the XVI century. The exact origin is unknown. A contemporary of the poet Sadiki in his biographical memoirs about the poet reports that Fizuli came from the Oguz tribe of bayat , another contemporary of the poet, Nidai Celebi, writes that Fizuli belonged to the Akkoyunlu Turks [8] . The encyclopedia of Iranik and a number of modern scholars also believe that Fizuli came from the Turkic Bayat tribe who settled in Iraq [9] [10] [11] [12] , whose representatives roamed in space from Transcaspia to Syria. According to the encyclopedia, Larussa was a Kurd [13] .
- Oguz saint “Dede Gorgud” , who became the hero of the epic of the same name.
- Orujbek , known under the pseudonym Don Juan of Persia, author of the famous book “Russia and Europe through the eyes of Oruj-bey Bayat - Don Juan of Persia” [14] , who traveled to Russia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy as part of the Safavid embassy in 1599-1601 , France, Portugal and Spain [15] .
Interesting Facts
The name of the Bayat tribe was given to the Bayat fortress, built in 1748 by the founder of the Karabakh Khanate Panah Ali Khan .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopaedia Iranica. Bayat. : “Bayāt was one of the twenty-two Oghuz tribes listed in Maḥmūd Kāšḡarī's”
- ↑ R. Khanam. Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: JO, Volume 2. Page 126-127
- ↑ Russian Ethnographic Museum. Glossary. Bayats
- ↑ Don Juan of Persia, ed. G. Le Strange, 1926, p. 45
- ↑ Languages of Iran
- ↑ Settlement of Azerbaijan by the Turks. Collection "Ethnic Onomastics." USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ethnography named after N. Miklouho-Maclay. Publishing house "Science", M., 1984. Archived September 23, 2009.
- ↑ S. Atanyyazov. Dictionary of Turkmen Ethnonyms . Ashgabat, Ylym (1988).
- ↑ Hamide Demirel . The poet Fuzûli: his works, study of his Turkish, Persian and Arabic divans. Ministry of Culture, 1991. ISBN 975-17-0857-5 , 9789751708571, p. 40
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Iranica. Fozuli, Mohammad. : “ “ Fożūlī had his roots in the Bayāt tribe, one of the Oḡuz (Turkman) tribes settled in Iraq (Ṣafā, Adabīyat V / 2, p. 675; Bombaci, 1970, p. 12) ”
- ↑ Abdülkadir Karahan . "Fuzuli. Muhiti, hayati ve şahsiyeti. ”- İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakütesi, İ. Horoz Basımevi, 1949 - p. 119
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Islam. Faruk Sumer. Bayat - New edition, Vol. I, Leiden 1960 - p. 1117
- ↑ E.E. Bertels . Selected Works. Nizami and Fizuli. - M .: Eastern literature, 1962. - T. 2. - S. 303.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Larousse. "Poète turc d'origine kurde (Karbala '? 1480? -Karbala? 1556), un des plus célèbres poètes classiques"
- ↑ Russia and Europe through the eyes of Oruj-bey Bayat - Don Juan of Persia. Publishing House of St. Petersburg State University, 2007.
- ↑ Elena Zinovieva . Persian motifs. The magazine "Neva". No. 11, 2007.