John Clarke Slater ( Slater ; English; John Clarke Slater ; December 22, 1900 - July 25, 1976 ) - American physicist and theoretical chemist .
| John Clark Slater | |
|---|---|
| John clarke slater | |
 London 1934 | |
| Date of Birth | December 22, 1900 |
| Place of Birth | Oak Park ( Illinois ) |
| Date of death | July 25, 1976 (aged 75) |
| Place of death | florida |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | physics theoretical chemistry |
| Place of work | Cambridge university University of Copenhagen Stanford University University of Chicago Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Florida |
| Alma mater | Harvard University University of Rochester |
| supervisor | Percy Williams Bridgman |
| Famous students | Nathan Rosen William Bradford Shockley |
| Known as | author of the Slater determinant and Slater type orbitals |
| Awards and prizes |  US National Science Medal (1970) |
Content
Biography
John Slater studied at the University of Rochester , where he received his bachelor's degree in 1920. In 1923 he received a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University. Then he studied for some time at Cambridge University and returned to Harvard. In 1924, he, along with Niels Bohr and Hendrick Kramers, developed the theory of BCS (Bohr-Kramers-Slater), which prompted Werner Heisenberg to create quantum mechanics . From 1930 to 1966 he worked as a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , was appointed head of the faculty, and made attempts to turn the institute into a full-fledged research university. He later moved to the University of Florida, where he worked from 1966 to 1976 as a professor of physics and chemistry .
Contribution to Science
In 1929, Slater proposed a convenient way to express antisymmetric wave functions for fermions as a determinant. This expression is now known as the determinant of Slater . In 1930, Slater introduced exponential functions to describe atomic orbitals . These functions later began to be used as Slater-type orbitals (STO, Slater-type orbitals). He believed that the value of the exponent in these functions reflects the nuclear charge, partially shielded by electrons, and formulated the corresponding rules for these values.
Introduced into solid-state physics an approximation for the potential of the crystalline skeleton in the form of muffin baking dishes called MT-potential .
At one time, Slater discouraged Richard Feynman from completing the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, believing that he should go to another place “for his own good” [1] . Despite the fact that Feynman showed himself to be a gifted scientist, he had to fight against institutional anti-Semitism; thanks to Slater’s recommendation, he was accepted at Princeton University [2] .
One of his students, William Shockley , received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in solid state physics.
Slater's records were bequeathed to the American Philosophical Society by his widow Rose Slater.
Rewards
- 1929 - Guggenheim Scholarship [3]
- 1945 - Gibbs lecture
- 1951 - Richtmeier Memorial Award
- 1967 -
- 1970 - US National Science Medal
Books translated into Russian
- J. Slater. The electronic structure of molecules. - M .: Mir , 1965 .-- 587 p.
- J. Slater. Dielectrics, semiconductors, metals. - M .: Mir, 1969 .-- 647 p.
- J. Slater. Self-consistent field methods for molecules and solids. - M .: Mir, 1978.- 664 p.
See also
- Slater-type orbitals
Notes
- ↑ Feynman, Richard P. Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman: Adventures of a Curious Character. - New York: Bantam Books, 1985. - P. 47. - ISBN 0-553-25649-1 .
- ↑ Gleick, James. Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. - New York: Vintage, 1992 .-- P. 83–85. - ISBN 0-679-74704-4 .
- ↑ John Clarke Slater . John Simon Guggenheim Foundation . gf.org. Date of treatment April 11, 2019.
Literature
- Temples Yu. A. Slater John Clarke ( Physics: Biographical reference book / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 248. - 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (in per.)