Marc Clavdius Marcellus ( Latin: Marcus Claudius Marcellus ; died after 81 BC) is a Roman military commander from the plebeian branch of the Claudius clan, a participant in the Cimvra and Allied wars. He played an important role in the battle of Aqua Sextiev in 102 BC. e.
| Marc Claudius Marcellus | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lat Marcus claudius marcellus | |||||||
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| Birth | II century BC e. | ||||||
| Death | after 81 BC e. | ||||||
| Kind | Claudia | ||||||
| Children | Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Marc Claudius Marcell Ezernin | ||||||
| Rank | |||||||
Content
Origin
Marcellus belonged to the plebeian branch of Claudius , which, according to historians, was initially closely associated with Claudius- patricians . In more detail about the origin of Mark Claudius nothing is known; including it is not clear in what relationship he was with his contemporaries Mark Claudius Marcellus , the Kuril aedile of 91 BC. e., and his brother Guy Claudius Marcellus , praetor in 80 BC. e. [one]
Biography
The first mention of Mark Claudius in the surviving sources dates back to 102 BC. e. [2] Then he was a legate in the army of the consul Gaius Maria , who blocked the German Cimbri tribe from Italy. [3] In the decisive battle at the Aqua Sextius, Marcellus, at the head of a three-thousandth detachment, hit the enemy in the rear, and thanks to this, a complete victory was won [4] [5] .
Later, Mark Claudius was brought to trial on unknown grounds. One of the witnesses for the prosecution was Lucius Licinius Crassus , an influential politician and best speaker of the era, but the jury nevertheless passed a acquittal [6] [7] . There are no exact dates in the sources; most historians believe that we need to talk about 91 BC. e. [2] , and only Ernst Bedian considers 95 BC as the most possible. e. [eight]
When the Italians rebelled against Rome , Marcellus became one of the legates who independently acted south against the Samnites and obeyed the consul Lucius Julius Caesar . His co-workers were Lucius Cornelius Sulla , Titus Didius , Publius Licinius Crassus [9] [10] and, possibly, Quintus Lutacius Catulus ; hence, Bedian concludes that the enemies of Gaius Maria were grouped around Caesar and that, accordingly, Marcellus, the former “oldest legate of Mary,” left his patron when it became profitable for him [11] . Mark Claudius fought not too well: the enemy besieged him in the city of Ezernia , and because of hunger the garrison had to capitulate [12] [13] [2] .
Someone Marc Claudius Marcellus was among the judges at the Publius Quincius trial in 81 BC. e. [14] He is allegedly identified with the legate of Mary and Caesar. [2]
Intellectual Activities
Mark Tullius Cicero mentions Marcellus in his list of Roman speakers in the Brutus treatise. According to him, Mark Claudius “did not belong to the number of lawyers, but had a tendency to eloquence and was a rather experienced speaker” [15] .
Descendants
The sons of Mark Claudius Marcellus were Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus , adopted by one of the patricians Cornelius , and Mark Claudius Marcellus Ezernin [15] . None of them made a good career; but one of the grandsons of Marcellus became consul in 56 BC. e., and one of the great-grandchildren - in 22 BC. e. [sixteen]
Notes
- ↑ Claudii Marcelli, 1899 , s. 2731-2732.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Claudius 226, 1899 .
- ↑ Broughton, 1951 , p. 569.
- ↑ Plutarch, 1994 , Mari, 20-21.
- ↑ Frontin , II, 4, 6.
- ↑ Cicero , In Defense of Fontey, 24.
- ↑ Valery Maxim, 1772 , VIII, 5, 3.
- ↑ Badian, 2010 , p. 179-180.
- ↑ Appian, 2002 , XIII, 40.
- ↑ Broughton, 1952 , p. 28.
- ↑ Badian, 2010 , p. 192-197.
- ↑ Titus Livy, 1994 , Periochus, 72-73.
- ↑ Appian, 2002 , XIII, 41.
- ↑ Cicero , In Defense of Quincius, 54.
- ↑ 1 2 Cicero, 1994 , Brutus, 136.
- ↑ V. Druman. Marcellas
Sources and Literature
Sources
- Appian of Alexandria . Roman history. - M .: Ladomir, 2002 .-- 880 p. - ISBN 5-86218-174-1 .
- Valery Maxim . Memorable deeds and sayings. - SPb. , 1772. - T. 2. - 520 s.
- Titus Livy . The history of Rome from the foundation of the city. - M .: Nauka, 1994 .-- T. 3 .-- 768 p. - ISBN 5-02-008995-8 .
- Plutarch . Comparative biographies. - M .: Nauka, 1994 .-- T. 2 .-- 672 p. - ISBN 5-306-00240-4 .
- Mark Tullius Cicero . Speech . Date of treatment December 30, 2018.
- Mark Tullius Cicero. Three treatises on oratory. - M .: Ladomir, 1994 .-- 480 p. - ISBN 5-86218-097-4 .
- Sextus Julius Frontin . Military tricks . XLegio website. Date of treatment December 30, 2018.
Literature
- Bedian E. Tsepion and Norban (notes on the decade of 100-90 BC) // Studia Historica. - 2010. - No. X. - S. 162-207 .
- Broughton R. Magistrates of the Roman Republic. - New York, 1951. - Vol. I. - P. 600.
- Broughton R. Magistrates of the Roman Republic. - New York, 1952. - Vol. II. - P. 558.
- Münzer F. Claudii Marcelli // Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft . - 1899. - T. IV, 1 . - P. 1358-1371.
- Münzer F. Claudius 226 // Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft . - 1899. - T. IV, 1 . - P. 2760.
Links
- Marc Claudius Marcellus (legate) . - biography on the site ancientrome.ru .
- Mark Claudius Marcellus (legate ) . - in Smith 's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.