The main organic synthesis ( heavy organic synthesis ) is the large-tonnage low-stage industrial production of organic compounds based on hydrocarbon raw materials ( oil , gas , coal ) and products of its processing. Unlike fine organic synthesis , the production of basic organic synthesis products, as a rule, is a continuous process implemented in large industrial complexes with large unit capacity units (up to 1000 thousand tons per year).
Classification
By the type of used natural raw materials and the technology of its processing, the main organic synthesis includes:
- Petrochemical production - oil and gas products;
- Coke production - products from coal.
The main products of the primary processing of hydrocarbons and serving as the basis for further organic synthesis are:
- Saturated hydrocarbons ;
- methane ;
- paraffins .
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons ;
- ethylene ;
- olefins ;
- acetylene .
- Aromatic hydrocarbons ;
- Synthesis gas .
According to the purpose, the products of the main organic synthesis are divided into two large groups:
- Intermediates or intermediates - products that have extremely limited or no end use in industry and serve for the further synthesis of other substances (for example: 1,2-dichloroethane , 99% of which is used for the further production of vinyl chloride );
- End products or intended products .
The final products of basic organic synthesis are divided into the following product groups:
- Monomers and main components of polymeric materials ;
- Plasticizers and auxiliary components of polymeric materials ;
- Synthetic surfactants and detergents ;
- Synthetic fuels , lubricating oils and additives ;
- Solvents ;
- Chemical plant protection products .