Jimbaran

Located in the southern part of the island, washed by the Indian Ocean , on the east coast of the isthmus connecting the Bukit Peninsula with the main territory of Bali. Located mainly on the isthmus, it also occupies a small area in the northeast of the peninsula ^{[1] [2]} .

The area of ​​Jimbaran settlement is 20.5 km² ^[3] . Its main settlement is located approximately 12 km south of Denpasar , the administrative center and largest city of Bali, and 5 km south of the Balinese Ngurah Rai International Airport ^{[1] [2]} .

The name " Jimbaran " is traditionally used not only in relation to the settlement itself, but also in relation to a sufficiently large stretch of coastal territory adjacent to it from the north and the south (in western sources it often appears as Jimbaran Beach - English Jimbaran Beach ). The bay washing the coast is known as Jimbaran Bay ( indon. Teluk Jimbaran , Eng. Jimbaran Bay ) ^{[1] [2]} .

The exact date of foundation of Jimbaran has not been established, but there is reliable information about the continuous existence of the settlement under this name for at least six to seven centuries. In particular, Jimbaran appears in Balinese chronicles of the 15th century : the surviving texts allow us to conclude that it was based on or significantly expanded several decades before the compilation of the chronicles, during the period in which southern Bali was under the influence of the Majapahit empire ^{[4] [5]} .

By the second half of the 17th century, there were not only residential and household buildings, but also at least one large Hindu temple complex. It is known that in 1677 a local ruler granted asylum in the territory of Jimbaran to one of his neighbors, who left his principality as a result of an internal conflict with his supporters, the number of which was about 1,200 people ^[5] .

Subsequently, Jimbaran entered the territory of the principality of Nambangan ( Balinese. Nambangan ), which at the end of the XVIII century , after a series of territorial increments, was renamed Badung. It was this part of Bali that became the area of ​​the most fierce resistance to the Dutch colonialists during their military invasion of the islands in 1906 . In the southern part of Denpasar, in close proximity to Jimbaran, the final and most dramatic episode of this conflict occurred - puputan , a ritual suicide on the battlefield committed by the ruler of Badung And Gusti Made Agung ( Balinese. I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung ) and dozens of his associates ^{[6 ] [7]} .

In terms of economic structure, Jimbaran was originally a typical Balinese fishing village. The first appearance of tourists from the Netherlands and some other countries in this part of the island dates back to the 1920s . In the period before the Second World War , individual representatives of the European and American creative intelligentsia settled here for a long time ^{[5] [8]} .

Tourism development in Jimbaran, as well as in Bali in general, was interrupted for a long time by the Japanese occupation of the Netherlands East Indies in 1942-1945, which followed Indonesia’s long-standing struggle for independence and long-term cooling of the country's relations during the presidency of Sukarno . The revival of tourist interest in this area occurred only in the 1970s : since that time, the active development of the corresponding infrastructure began here ^{[5] [8]} .

Jimbaran settlement is part of the South Kuta region, which, in turn, belongs to the Badung district of Bali province . As of 2008, its population is 23 205 people, of which 11 871 are men and 11 334 are women, a total of 5 556 families ^[3] . Most residential areas are located at some distance from the sea along the road connecting Jimbaran to the main motorways of the island ^[9] .

The vast majority of the population are Balinese . As in other areas of the island, Hinduism is the predominant religion. Residents formed 12 traditional communities - “ banjar-adat ” ( Balinese banjar adat ). The largest Hindu sanctuary of the settlement is the temple of Ulun Siwi ( Balinese. Pura Ulun Siwi ), built in the XVIII century, which is not only an existing religious building, but also the most important tourist attraction of the settlement ^[10] .

Fishery, which traditionally served as the basis of local economy, generally remains significant for Jimbaran at the beginning of the 21st century : a significant part of the local population is engaged in fishing for fish and seafood in the adjacent waters . However, as tourism developed in this part of Bali, it was he who became the key factor determining the economic and social development of the settlement. By the beginning of the 1990s, Jimbaran became one of the most popular places among foreigners visiting the island and residents of other regions of Indonesia - this was favored by both natural and infrastructural conditions, in particular, the proximity of the settlement to the Ngurah Rai and Denpasaru airports, as well as many historical and cultural attractions of Bali. Characteristically, it was the development of tourism that caused the demand for local fishing: if earlier the catches of Jimbaran fishermen were mainly sold to other areas of southern Bali, now most of them are sold locally, at numerous points of public catering ^{[1] [11]} .

As a result, the corresponding resort and tourist infrastructure was actively developed here: a large number of hotels (including high-end), restaurants , shopping and entertainment complexes are concentrated in Jimbaran. This area is very popular primarily among lovers of sea recreation, including snorkeling and diving ^{[1] [11]} .

A serious blow to the local tourism industry was caused by terrorist acts committed here on October 1, 2005 - two cafes were blown up by gunmen of the Islamist group Jemaa Islamiya in Jimbaran, almost simultaneously, another bombing was carried out a few kilometers north of the village, in the town of Kuta (total 26 people died, more than 100 people were wounded) ^[12] . Subsequently, after a series of successful counter-terrorism measures undertaken by the Indonesian authorities ^{[13] [14] [15]} and as the overall situation stabilized in the country as a whole and in Bali in particular, the flow of tourists has recovered in full ^{[16] [17]} .

• Demin, Lev Mikhailovich . Bali Island - M .: Nauka, 1964 .-- 304 p.
• Fred B. Eiseman. The Story of Jimbaran. - 1996.
• Linda Hoffman. Bali: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Spectacular Tropical Island. - Tuttle Publishing, 2013 .-- 352 p. - ISBN 978-1462909087 .
• Fran Sandham and Claire Saunders (editors). The Rough Guide to Indonesia. - Second edition. - L .: The Penguin Group, 2003 .-- 1113 p. - ISBN 9781858289912 .
• D. Surya. Bali dan Sekitarnya. - Denpasar, 2012 .-- ISBN 9781480078611 .