William Lawrence Shirer ( February 23, 1904 , Chicago - December 28, 1993 , Boston ) is an American journalist, war correspondent and historian [5] , whose books on the history of the Third Reich are very popular .
| William Shearer | |
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| Occupation | historian journalist |
| Awards and prizes | George Polk Award ( 1983 ) Peabody Prize [d] [d] ( 1961 ) |
Biography
In 1925, after graduating from college in the USA, he went to Europe for the summer. He visited England, France and Belgium, and about to return, received a job offer in Paris as a reporter for the European edition of the American Chicago Tribune , three years later became her European correspondent, and in 1931 - the chief of the Central European Bureau. He also went on business trips in the Middle East and India, and met closely with Mahatma Gandhi .
Having settled in Vienna in 1931, he married Theresa Stieberitz (Stieberitz), a photographer from Austria , with whom he had two children. While skiing in the Alps, he lost his eye [6] . In 1932, due to the closure of the Vienna Tribune bureau, he, together with his wife, who was registered as his assistant, was left without work.
They left for Spain, where they spent a year on savings in the fishing village of Lloret de Mar. “We have run out of money,” is his first diary entry in 1934 [6] .
In January 1934, Shearer received a job offer from the Paris edition of the New York Herald. Then he moved to Berlin, where he became an employee of the telegraph agency Universal News Service, owned by the American media tycoon Randolph Hearst . With the bankruptcy of the latter, the agency closed after three years.
In 1937 he became a CBS journalist. In 1934 - 1940 He lived and worked in Nazi Germany , regularly attended the speeches of Hitler and the congresses of the NSDAP ( German Reichsparteitag ) in Nuremberg , subsequently reflecting them in his books. In 1940 he covered the Nazi occupation of France . In the same year he returned to the United States due to increased censorship and impediments to his work, the following year he published the first part of his famous Berlin Diary.
At the end of World War II, he became one of the leaders (along with Rex Stout ) of the Society for the Prevention of World War III, which advocated the war until the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. In 1945 - 1946 worked at the Nuremberg trials . In 1947, he quit CBS . He was persecuted during the American “ witch hunt ”, his name fell into the pamphlet “ Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television ”. After that, I could not engage in journalism, so I focused on writing and published a number of books. His best-known works are The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich and The Berlin Diary.
In 1970, divorced and married a Russian language teacher Irina Lugovskaya.
Historical works
Shearer published a number of books on the history of World War II and the preceding period, the most famous of which was The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, published in 1960 , and subsequently reprinted and rewritten several times. In it, he widely used both the captured documents of Nazi Germany and his own memories. Shearer carried out the prehistory of Nazism “from Luther to Hitler”, considering the Thirty Years War to be the most important historical perspective for him.
In addition to this book, the Berlin Diary (journalistic diary for the years of stay in Nazi Germany, published immediately after returning to the USA in 1941) and The Fall of the Third Republic also received fame [5] .
Book List
- 1941 - Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934-1941.
- 1947 - End of a Berlin Diary (1947)
- 1952 - Mid-century Journey (1952)
- 1955 - The Challenge of Scandinavia (1955)
- 1960 - The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960) (Russian edition: William Shearer. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. - M. , 1991. - ISBN 5-203-00475-7 . )
- 1961 - The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler (1961)
- 1962 - The Sinking of the Bismarck (1962)
- 1969 - The Collapse of the Third Republic (1969)
- 1976 - 20th Century Journey (1976)
- 1980 - Gandhi: A Memoir (1980)
- 1984 - The Nightmare Years (1984)
- 1990 - A Native's Return (1990)
- 1994 - Love and Hatred: The Troubled Marriage of Leo and Sonya Tolstoy (1994)
- 1999 - This is Berlin (1999)
Artwork
- The Traitor (1950)
- Stranger Come Home (1954)
- The Consul's Wife (1956)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Find a Grave - 1995. - ed. size: 165000000
- ↑ Discogs - 2000.
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 William Shirer // Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ 1 2 The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (in two books) | zakharov.ru