Maria G. Rolnikait ( lit. Marija Rolnikaitė ; Yiddish מאַשע ראָלניק - Masha Rolnik ; July 21, 1927 , Plunge, Lithuania - April 7, 2016 , St. Petersburg , Russia [3] ) - Jewish , Russian and Lithuanian writer, publicist, memoirist, social activist [4] .
| Maria Rolnikaite | |
|---|---|
| Marija Rolnikaitė | |
 | |
| Birth name | Masha Rolnik |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Citizenship (citizenship) | |
| Occupation | writer , memoirist , social activist |
| Direction | humanism |
| Genre | documentary prose , journalism , essay , memoirs |
| Language of Works | Russian , Lithuanian , Yiddish |
| Awards | [d] ( 2003 ) |
Content
Biography
Maria Rolnikaite was born on July 21, 1927 in Plunge, Lithuania .
At the age of fourteen, Maria Rolnikaite fell into the Vilnius ghetto . Her family died there: mother, sister and brother. [five]
In 1943 - 1945 she was a prisoner of the concentration camps Strasdenhof and Stutthof . Member of the anti-fascist underground. The author of the Yiddish poem, the Strasenhof Anthem, which became the song of the Resistance .
In the ghettos and camps, Maria Rolnikaite kept a diary and wrote poems in Yiddish.
“In the ghetto I had to write on scraps of paper, sometimes on paper from cement bags, I learned something by heart and thus preserved my memories.” Maria Rolnikaite. [6]
After her release in March 1945, she returned to Vilnius [7] .
In 1955, Maria Rolnikaite graduated from the correspondence department of the Literary Institute. Gorky . She lived in Vilnius.
She worked as an editor in the Department of Arts under the Council of Ministers of the Lithuanian SSR and as the head of the literary department at the Vilnius Philharmonic. Translated the works of Soviet writers into Lithuanian.
Since 1964, she lived and worked in Leningrad . For many years, Maria Rolnikaite was the only Leningrad writer who reflected in her works the theme of the Holocaust and the heroism of the Jewish people. She took an active part in the anti-fascist movement and in the life of the Jewish community of St. Petersburg.
Her book on the ghetto, “I Must Tell,” based on personal diaries and memoirs, was originally published in Lithuanian in 1963 , and then published in Yiddish and Russian in the author’s translation (the first Russian publication in the journal Zvezda , 1965 ) Later, the book was translated into eighteen languages of the world [8] .
Maria Rolnikaite is the author of journalistic articles and essays on the Second World War . [9]
The Nazis began to call every third to be shot for escaping from the camp. And I had a girlfriend, Masha Mechanic, we helped each other. And here I am whispering to her in the ranks: “I am the ninth!” And Masha answered: “No, the ninth I am”. And after a pause: “Do you really think that there will be no more Masha Mechanic in the world - and something will change ?!” Masha was taken away. She is not and never will be again. And you know why my heart hurts: after all, since then people have not begun to love each other more! M. Rolnikaite . [ten]
Maria Rolnikaite passed away on April 7, 2016 after a short illness. She was buried at the Preobrazhensky Jewish cemetery in St. Petersburg next to her husband.
Bibliography
| Year | Type of | Title |
|---|---|---|
| 1965 | memories, memoirs | “I have to tell” |
| 1970 | military story | “Three meetings” |
| 1974 | military story | “Get used to the light” |
| 1981 | military story | "Long silence" |
| 1990 | story | "A wedding gift, or On a rainy day" |
| 2002 | memoirs | “And all this is true” |
| 2013 | memoirs | "Alone with the memory" |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 http://www.jewish.ru/news/cis/2016/04/news994333363.php
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 122815610 // General Normative Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Blog entry by Valery Dymshits
- ↑ Maria Rolnikaite, writer, social activist
- ↑ Maria Rolnikaite: “I have to tell”
- ↑ "EXCEPT BOOKS I HAD NOTHING ANYTHING REMAINING"
- ↑ Such things: without cuts
- ↑ Center for Contemporary Literature and Books
- ↑ Maria Grigoryevna Rolnikayte - writer and publicist
- ↑ Do not forget
Links
- I continue to remember the ghetto ... // People of the Book in the world of books. 2002. No. 39.
- Fresinsky B. Ilya Erenburg and the diary of Masha Rolnikaite // People of the Book in the world of books. 2009. No. 82.
- Fresinsky B. Congratulations to Maria Grigoryevna (with fragments of memories and regrets) // People of the Book in the world of books. 2012. No. 98.
- In memoriam: Masha Rolnikaite (1927–2016) // People of the Book in the world of books. 2016. No. 121.
- Tippner A. Notes by Soviet Anne Frank? Memoirs of Masha Rolnikaite “I have to tell” and their place in Soviet literature // People of the Book in the world of books. 2016. No. 121.
- Opac der DNB, alle Werke von MR (German)
- Buchbesprechung bei Deutschlandradio (German)
- Rolnikaitė, Marija (lit.)
- Center for Contemporary Literature and Books (Russian)
- Kantor Yu. What happened afterwards // Nevsky time. May 8, 1998
- Scheglova E. Continuation of hell; Being as a burden // Neva . 2003, No. 9
- Holocaust and fiction. Maria Rolnikaite
- Rolnikaite Maria - article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia