The Icon of the Mother of God “Blissful Womb ” ( Womb of Birth [1] , Bargrad, Barlovskaya, Barbara - that is, originating from the city of Bari ) - the name of the icon of the Virgin , revered in the Russian Orthodox Church, the miraculous . The celebration of the icon takes place on December 26 (according to the Julian calendar ) and on the day of all saints .
| Icon of the Mother of God "Blessed Womb" | |
|---|---|
 list of the 16th century in the salary of the 14th century, taken from the original | |
| Date of appearance | 1392 year |
| Location | the original is lost |
| Celebration date | December 26 ( January 8 ) and All Saints Day |
Content
History
The image was in the Annunciation Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin and got its name from the Gospel words addressed to Jesus Christ : “Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the nipples that nourished you” ( Luke 11:27 ). The legend from the collection of the beginning of the 18th century ascribes the icon to Italian origin, saying that in 1392 it was brought from the “ Bar of the City of Rome Region”. She was considered the way standing on the tomb with the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and revered made of "many wonderful different trees." In the records of the cathedral, the icon in the 19th century is called “Barlovskaya”, which is a distorted form from the “Bargrad”, that is, originating from the city of Bari. At the end of the XIV century, immediately after its appearance in Moscow, the icon was decorated with a precious salary (it is on the list of the XVI century stored in the Armory ). In the XVI century, a new gold salary was created, which was lost in 1812 when the French captured Moscow. He was replaced with a silver salary, which was seized in the 1920s during the campaign to seize church property . The original icon itself was in the Annunciation Cathedral until 1924, after which its fate is unknown.
Lost original icon (photo 1910)
16th Century List
18th century list
Before the revolution, in the southern and western Russian regions of the Russian Empire, as well as in Siberia, December 26 and 27 celebrated the feast of the midwives and women in childbirth of Babi Kasha , who finds a parallel in performing the icon of the Womb of Birth on December 27 (January 9) [2] .
Iconography
The icon represents the icon of the “ Mammal ”, a feature is that the Virgin is depicted sitting on the ground on a pillow [3] . The divine infant clung to her breast and holds it with his right hand. According to Nikodim Kondakov and Nikolai Likhachev , the icon has the features of Italian painting, and the ornament on it allows us to conclude that this is a copy from the Italian or Dalmatian original of the 1st third of the XIV century.
Three lists from the original icon have been preserved:
- a list of the late 16th century, written for the Novodevichy Convent (it contains the ancient salary of the original icon), has been in the Armory since 1927. This list is the most accurate in terms of board size and composition;
- the icon-pyadnitsa of the second half of the XVI - the end of the XVII centuries from the pyadnichnoy row of the iconostasis of the Annunciation Cathedral . The Mother of God is depicted on the throne, the maforius has no stars;
- icon-pyadnik painted in 1664 by icon painter John Avksentiev . It has an inscription containing the history of the creation of the icon and its completely distorted name - “Khabarovskaya”.
See also
- Maternity care
Notes
- ↑ Bolognev et al., 1983 , p. 34.
- ↑ Zelenina, Sedakova, 1995 , p. 125.
- ↑ Vasilieva A.V. The Icons of the Mother of God "The Blessed Womb", "Assistant in Childbirth" and "The Word Flesh Be Fast" . Art . Portal "Word". Date of treatment December 8, 2017.
Literature
- Bonev F.F., Rusakova L.M., Minenko N.A. Public life and culture of the Russian population of Siberia: XVIII - early XX centuries. USSR Academy of Sciences, Sib. Department, Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1983 .-- S. 178.
- Babin day / Zelenina E.I., Sedakova I.A. // Slavic antiquities : Ethnolinguistic dictionary: in 5 volumes / under the general. ed. N. I. Tolstoy ; Institute of Slavic Studies RAS . - M .: Int. Relations , 1995. - T. 1: A (August) - G (Goose). - S. 123–125. - ISBN 5-7133-0704-2 .
- Makhanko M. A. Legends of the “Greek” origin of Russian antiquities in the 17th century: the icon of Our Lady of Khabarovskaya (Barlovskaya) in the Annunciation Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin // Kapterevsky Readings . - Issue 9. - 2011. - P. 84-112.
- Talberg N.D. Spacious month of the words of the Saints in the Russian Land shone. What needs what icons should be worshiped. - Reprint. ed. - SPb. : Vera, 1997. - S. 517-518.
- Schennikova L. A. "Blessed Womb" icon of the Mother of God // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2002. - V. V. - S. 346—347. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-010-2 .