Ignaz , Adler von Born , also known as Ignatius von Born ( German Ignaz Edler von Born ; December 26, 1742 , Carlsburg , Transylvania - July 24, 1791 , Vienna ) - Austrian mineralogist and metallurgist , leading German scientist of the 1770s [3] .
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The researcher who described a number of zoological taxa . The names of these taxa (to indicate authorship) are accompanied by the designation " Born " . |
His interests included mining , mineralogy , paleontology , chemistry [3] , metallurgy and malacology .
Content
Biography
Born into a noble family in Karlsburg . Having been educated at a Jesuit college in Vienna , he was a member of the order for sixteen months, but left him and studied law at Prague University [4] . Later, he traveled extensively in Germany, France and the Netherlands, studying mineralogy. In 1769 he was appointed head of mines in Banská Štiavnice . Returning to Prague the following year, 1770 , he became a jury member at the Higher Coin Administration of the Czech Kingdom.
In 1776, Maria Theresa appointed him to run the Imperial Museum of Vienna ( German: Kk Hof-Naturalienkabinette , the forerunner of the current Museum of Natural History ), where he was nominated to the Council of Coinage and Mining and continued to be until his death.
He introduced the method of metal extraction by amalgamation ( Uber des Anquicken der Erze , 1786) and other improvements in mining and other technical processes. His publications also include: Lithophylacium Bornianum (1772-1775) and Bergbaukunde (1789), not counting individual museum catalogs.
Born tried his hand at satire , without much success. The story of Die Staatsperücke was published without his knowledge in 1772 . It criticized the work of the state bureaucracy , as well as attacks on Father Gell , the Jesuit and the royal astronomer Vienna. A fragment of the satire Monachologien , in which the monks describe natural science in a technical language, is also attributed to Born.
Bourne knew Latin well and the main modern European languages, as well as many branches of science that were not directly related to metallurgy and mineralogy. He took an active part in Hungarian politics. After the death of Emperor Joseph II, many of his orders were canceled, to the advantage of the Hungarians. At the same time, Hungarian citizenship was granted to several individuals who sympathized and actively helped the Hungarian cause. One of them was the Transylvanian German von Born.
In 1771, von Born was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , in 1776 - an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences [5] .
Until his death in 1791 , he worked on the work of Fasti Leopoldini , possibly referring to the reasonable attitude of the successor of Joseph Leopold II to the Hungarians.
As one of the members of the Masonic Lodge "Goodwill," he introduced Mozart to the box. A possible prototype of Sarastro in the opera "The Magic Flute ". Ignaz was the regional head of the Vienna Illuminati lodge and sympathized with the ideas of the Lessing Enlightenment . Remaining a Catholic, he published the rude anti-clerical satire Monachologien in 1783 , where he portrayed the monks as a transitional race from monkey to man [6] .
Bornite (Cu 5 FeS 4 ), a common copper ore mineral, is named after him.
Bibliography
- Born, I. 1778. Index rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis . Pars I.ma. Testacea. Verzeichniß der natürlichen Seltenheiten des kk Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere. Vindobonæ: Kraus. [1-40] + 1-458 + [1-82]. (in Latin and German )
Described Views
The species described by Ignatius von Born include [7] :
gastropods :
- Bullata bullata (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Voluta bullata Born, 1778; Marginella bullata (Born, 1778)
- Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) - synonym: Murex atratus Born, 1778
- Cerithium litteratum (Born, 1778) - synonym: Murex litteratus Born, 1778
- Clathrodrillia gibbosa (Born, 1778) - Synonyms: Crassispira gibbosa (Born, 1778); Drillia gibbosa (Born, 1778); Murex gibbosus Born, 1778
- Conus centurio Born, 1778
- Conus ermineus Born, 1778 - Synonym: Dendroconus ermineus (Born, 1778)
- Fissurella nodosa (Born, 1778) - synonym: Patella nodosa Born, 1778
- Hastula cinerea (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Terebra cinerea (Born, 1778); Buccinum cinereum Born, 1778
- Labyrinthus plicatus (Born, 1780) - synonym: Helix plicata Born, 1780
- Patella cochlear Born, 1778
- Patella miniata Born, 1778
- Patella oculus Born, 1778
- Prunum marginatum (Born, 1778) - synonym: Voluta marginata Born, 1778
- Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) - synonyms: Astraea conchyliophora (Born, 1780); Trochus conchyliophorus Born, 1780
- Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Phalium granulata (Born, 1778); Buccinum granulatum born, 1778
- Stigmaulax sulcatus (Born, 1778) - synonym: Nerita sulcata Born, 1778
- Tegula fasciata (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Trochus fasciatus Born, 1778; Chlorostoma fasciata (Born, 1778)
- Trochita trochiformis (Born, 1778) - Synonyms: Turbo trochiformis Born, 1778; Patella trochiformis (Born, 1778)
- Vasum muricatum (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Voluta muricata Born, 1778; Turbinella muricatum (Born, 1778)
synonyms for gastropods:
- Tritonium costatum (Born, 1778) Triton costatum (Born, 1778) and Murex costatus Born, 1778 are synonyms for Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)
- Murex gigas Born, 1780, synonym for Syrinx aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Turbo torcularis Born, 1778, synonym for Torcula exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)
bivalves :
- Argopecten nucleus (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Ostrea nucleus Born, 1778; Aequipecten nucleus (Born, 1778); Pecten nucleus (Born, 1778)
- Ctenoides scabra (Born, 1778) - Synonyms: Ostrea scabra Born, 1778; Lima scabra (Born, 1778)
- Dosinia concentrica (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Venus concentrica Born, 1778; Cytherea concentrica (Born, 1778); Artemis concentrica (Born, 1778)
- Eurytellina punicea (Born, 1778) - synonym: Tellina punicea Born, 1778
- Mactra glauca Born, 1778
- Ostrea cristata Born, 1778
- Papyridea lata (Born, 1778) - Synonym: Cardium latum Born, 1778
- Pitar circinatus (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Venus circinata Born, 1778; Cytherea circinatus (Born, 1778)
- Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) - synonym: Venus mactroides Born, 1778; Cytherea mactroides (Born, 1778)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118661868 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Beaurepaire P. L'Europe des francs-maçons : XVIIIe-XXIe siècle - 2 - Paris : Éditions Belin , 2002 .-- 540 p. - ISBN 978-2-410-01382-5
- ↑ 1 2 Dvaasedmdesát jmen české historie (46/72). Ignác Born. . Czech Television Documentary, 2009 (Czech) (Retrieved July 27, 2011)
- ↑ Born, Ignatius // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Profile of Ignaz Edler von Born on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- ↑ Robert Kreil, Wiener Freunde 1784-1800 , Wien, 1883.
- ↑ Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. The site is available on January 9, 2010. ( search for 'Born' )
Sources
- This article (section) contains a text taken (translated) from the eleventh edition of the British Encyclopedia , which has been transferred to the public domain .
- Museum guide of Mozarthaus in Vienna (Prestel museum guide)
Literature
- Born, Ignatius // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the XVIII-XXI centuries: Geology and mining sciences. / Ed. editor IG Malakhov. M .: GC RAS , 2012. - 504 p. ISBN 978-5-904509-08-8 (e-version).
Links
- [1] (unavailable link)
- Dvaasedmdesát jmen české historie (Czech)
- Species described in Index rerum naturalium ...