Andreossi, Antoine Francois

Born March 6, 1761 in Castelnodari , and was the great-grandson of Francois Andreossi, who, together with Pierre-Paul Riquet, built the Languedoc Canal.

Educated at a military school in Metz , from which he was released in 1781 as an artillery lieutenant .

In 1787, Andreossi took part in a campaign in Holland , where he was captured, from which he was soon released. May 15, 1788 promoted to captain.

In 1794, Andreossi was a member of the Rhine Army, but in October of that year he joined the Italian Army. In the Italian campaign, he distinguished himself several times and already on March 27, 1795 he took command of an artillery battalion. Having distinguished himself in the Alpine campaign, on December 6, 1796 he was appointed commander of the brigade, at the head of which he brilliantly fought at Tagliamento .

Produced on April 16, 1798 as a brigadier general, Andreossi accompanied Bonaparte in the Egyptian campaign , where he was in charge of pontoon parks; distinguished himself in the battle of the Pyramids .

In Egypt, Andreossi became one of the members of the institute established in Cairo and especially showed his scientific abilities in exploring Lake Manzala .

Returning with Bonaparte to France, he contributed to the success of the 18 Brumaire coup, was promoted to division generals, and in August 1800 he was appointed commandant to Mainz and then chief of staff of the Batavian army, fought in Holland .

After the Amiens Peace, Andreossi was appointed envoy to London . From November 1806 he was an envoy in Vienna and finally from May 28, 1812 in Constantinople , where he became famous not only for his extensive activities to the benefit of France , but also for scientific research. On August 14, 1809, Andreossi was awarded the Legion of Honor .

Upon the restoration of the Bourbons , he was recalled, and upon the arrival of Napoleon from the island of Elba , he again appeared in the military field . After the Battle of Waterloo, he was among the commissioners sent to meet the Allied forces, which, however, were not allowed into Blucher's main apartment.

In 1824, Andreossi was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences.

Andreossi died in Montauban on September 10, 1828. Subsequently, his name was embossed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris .

Among his writings, the most notable are the results of his research in Egypt, which form part of his memoirs Mémoires sur l'Epypte, as well as Mémoires sur l'irruption du Pont-Euxin dans la Méditerranée, Mémoires sur le système des caux qui abreuvent Constantinople ”and“ Constantinople et le Bospore de Thrace pendant les années 1812-14 et pendant l'anée 1826. ” Part of the last essay has been translated into Russian under the heading "General Discussions on the Physical Geography of Count Andreossi" (translated from French by Major General Khatov . St. Petersburg, 1822)

On September 15, 1810, Antoine Francois Andreossi married Marie Florimond Stephanie de Fa, daughter of the Marquis Charles César de Fa. In marriage they had one son - Etienne Auguste, who, after the death of his father, gave hope to become a significant officer in the French army. However, he died in a horse accident in 1835, unmarried. Dowager Countess Stephanie died February 21, 1868 in Upper Garonne.

• Military encyclopedic lexicon. 2nd ed. T. I. St. Petersburg, 1852
• Charles Mullié . Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850, 1852. Vol. one.

• Andreossi, Antoine-Francois // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890. - T. Ia. - S. 766.