Rafailovich’s House is an old mansion in Taganrog ( Frunze St. , 20). Located between the House of Karaspasov and the House of Drossi . An architectural monument of the 1860s is one of the objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. It is considered one of the most beautiful mansions of old Taganrog [1] [2] .
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Rafailovich's House | |||
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Facade of the House of Rafailovich
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A country | Russia | ||
City | Taganrog , st. Frunze , 20 | ||
Type of building | Mansion | ||
Architectural style | Eclecticism | ||
Build Date | 1860s | ||
Famous inhabitants | Charles Mangin | ||
Status | Protected by the state | ||
Content
History
House at ul. Nikolaevskaya, 22 [3] was built in the 1860s [4] .
In the early years, like the adjacent house at number 18 in today's numbering, it belonged first to the merchant Mikhail Karaspasov, then to the Turkish citizen Panash Konstantinidi [5] .
In the late 1880s, the building was acquired by the wife of an Austrian citizen, Ekaterina Antonovna [5] . Her husband, Nikolai Ivanovich Rafailovich ( 1850 - 1912 ), a merchant of the 2nd guild , suddenly died on January 9, 1912, at 62 years of age. The daughter of Nikolai Ivanovich Zinaid, an 18-year-old beauty, at the insistence of her father, became engaged and married to 54-year-old Nikolai Nikolaevich Alafuzov, whose marriage, however, turned out to be short-lived and was dissolved [5] . Together with her second husband Maximov, the son of a wealthy Rostov capitalist, Zinaida went abroad in order to visit France and see her capital. In 1895, her second husband after the death of his father P.R. Maksimov received 65 thousand rubles by inheritance. In connection with the October Revolution, Zinaida and her husband never returned to Russia [5] . Nikolai Ivanovich Rafailovich worked as a coachman Alexander Mikhailovich Nedodaev, who lived with his seven-year-old daughter Anastasia in the basement of the master's house. Her Nikolai Ivanovich arranged in a female gymnasium, after which she worked for him as a secretary-typist [5] .
In 1890 , according to the "Inventory and Assessment of Taganrog Real Estate for the Layout of the State Tax and Other Fees for 1890", this house belonged to the Turkish citizen Panai Konstantinidi and was estimated at 1,600 rubles [3] .
In 1919, while the Headquarters of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, A. I. Denikin, was in Taganrog from August 8 to December 27, 1919, the head of the French military mission, General Charles Mangen, lived in Rafailovich’s house [6] . From 1920 to 1924, the Conupraform political department (the formation of the First Horse Army ), the editorial board of the Red Army Soldier newspaper, the headquarters of the special forces fighting for banditry and collecting food tax from the population of nearby villages and villages were located in the house [5] [6 ] [6 ] ] [7] . Since 1925 - a residential building [6] .
In 1925, a universal “municipalization” of private houses with a total area of over 100 square meters was carried out in Taganrog . Former owners either were given a small room in their former own house, or they were moved to other apartments. As part of this “municipalization” in 1925, Rafailovich’s mansion was divided into communal apartments . Without proper care, he quickly lost his outer and inner beauty. The ruined facade needs a complicated restoration [8] .
In 2012, the thesis “Restoration of a one-story residential building”, based on a survey of the House of Rafailovich [2] , was defended at the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering . The purpose of the thesis is a professional study of the building from the point of view of architectural and engineering preservation, the study of opportunities to recreate the former appearance, the calculation of the restoration estimates [2] .
Gallery
Rafailovich House, 2010
Front door, 2010
Monogram "HP", 2010
Fronton, 2010
Facade, 2010
Architectural Features
Made in the style of " eclecticism " [6] . The decor contains elements that are characteristic of both classicism and stylized baroque [9] . Also, the architectural style in which Rafailovich’s house is made, some art historians define as “neo-baroque” [1] . The mansion is one-story, but it seems higher due to the high basement and architectural decoration of the roof. On the parapet pillars there are installed vases tapering upwards, giving the building harmony.
The facade of Rafailovich’s house is distinguished by abundant plastic processing and is filled with floral ornaments, medallions with sculpted female, male and children's heads, freely interpreted herms , and curly castle stones [1] . The facade of the house is arranged using three risalits , in one of which, on the left, an entrance block is placed for the convenience of planning. On the right side, the facade is balanced with risalit with an enlarged double window opening with rich stucco decoration [1] .
A characteristic feature of the house of Rafailovich is its complicated silhouette, created by the attics , decorative vases and metal lattices of the baroque pattern fixed in the parapet stands [1] .
The doorway is decorated with a portico and a cast-iron cast long canopy, resting on two light cast-iron supports made out across the pavement to the roadway. The monogram “HP” is inscribed in the molded ornament of the canopy, named after the owner Nikolai Rafailovich. The porch has five stone steps. Under the rectangular windows there are niches with a geometric pattern. The center of the architectural composition is the pediment , decorated with a high relief of a male head. Under it, on two sides of the window, there are two graceful sculptures of women whose bodies consist of different leaves. The sculptural elements of the facade are the work of the Taganrog sculptor L. E. Egorov ( 1848 - 1890 ).
A teacher of the Russian language at the Alekseevskaya girls’ gymnasium , a priest of the Mitrofanievsky church , and then the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Alexander Balandin described the building’s architectural appearance: “Ten beautiful antique amphorae above the gate and above the house, the head of the ancient philosopher in the top medallion, five female heads on the wall, three heads of Satyr - the spirit of forests, two - unfinished caryatids without their usual architectural purpose, and two cornucopia. The house is somewhat severe, but beautiful ” [5] .
Famous house dwellers
- Mangin, Charles Maria Emmanuel ( 1866 - 1925 ) - French division general , head of the French military mission at the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia A.I. Denikin .
Rafailovich's House in Contemporary Culture
N. Duritskaya . “The house of Rafailovich. Veranda". C / m, 60x50, 2014
V. Protopopov. "House of Rafailovic." C / t, 21x60, 2011 [10]
A. Efremov . "House of Rafailovic." Oil on canvas, 70x100, 2013
S. Sapozhnikov . "House of Rafailovic." Photo, 30x40, 2014
Filmography
- 2010 - "Synergos: 24", video art. Author Igor Vaganov . Achtung Baby! [11] .
Links
Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Grigoryan M.E., Reshetnikov V.K. Taganrog. The history of architecture and urban planning of the late XVII - early XX century. - Rostov n / a: Omega-Print, 2013 .-- S. 236–237.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lokhankin V. Who built the house? // New Taganrog newspaper. - 2012 .-- March 17.
- ↑ 1 2 Inventory and valuation of real estate of the city of Taganrog for the layout of the state tax and other fees for 1890. - Taganrog: Type. A.M. Mironova, 1890 .-- S. 15.
- ↑ Sedova N. Taganrog. - M .: Scientific World, 2008. - 40 p. - ISBN 978-5-91522-036-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gavryushkin O.P. Marie Valliano and others (Chronicle of philistine life). - Taganrog: MIKM, 2001 .-- 544 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kirichek M.S. Rafailovich's house // Taganrog. Encyclopedia. - Taganrog: Anton, 2008 .-- S. 600. - ISBN 978-5-88040-064-5 .
- ↑ Andreenko S.A. Taganrog. Cognitive journey through the legends and stories of the old city. - Taganrog: Anton, 2004. - S. 48. - ISBN 5-88040-029-8 /
- ↑ Borzenko V. Pain and pride of the old Taganrog // AiF on the Don. - 2008. - March 26.
- ↑ Kukushin V.S. History of architecture of the Lower Don and Azov Sea . - Rostov-on-Don: GinGo, 1996 .-- 275 p. - ISBN 5-88616-027-2 .
- ↑ Pilipenko G. “There were non-profits of Taganrog” ─ a view from Rostov // www.rostovnews.net. - 2012. - Feb 28
- ↑ Slovoeva N. Flight of Vaganov in a dream and in reality // About Rostov. - 2010. - No. 10.