Lubuntu

1. The name Lubuntu is a combination of the names LXDE ( LXQt ) and Ubuntu . LXDE stands for Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment , while Ubuntu stands for “ humanity , philanthropy” in the languages ​​of Zulu and Spit .
2. The Lubuntu developers, when creating the distribution package 10.04, used their own repository of lubuntu-oriented packages ^[11] , to preserve the possibility of including the latest developments after freezing the official Ubuntu repository ^[12] . Because of this, they have stabilized the Lubuntu code base, not postponing it for the autumn release.
3. In addition to the standard 32-bit and 64-bit versions, versions for Intel Macs (for example, for MacBooks with Intel processors) and PowerPCs (for example, for Apple Macintosh G3, G4, and G5, including iBooks, PowerBooks and IBM OpenPower) are available for download.

The LXDE desktop environment has been available in Ubuntu repositories since version 8.10 of Intrepid Ibex ^[13] . The LXDE package can be installed in earlier versions of Ubuntu ^{[14] [15]} .

In February 2009, Mark Shuttleworth invited the LXDE project team to help create a new official distribution in collaboration with the Ubuntu community. The distribution was called Lubuntu ^{[2] [16]} .

In March 2009, Mario Behling (Mario Behling) launches the Lubuntu project on the Launchpad . An early logo design is used. For the project, a page was also added to the official Ubuntu wiki . The page Behling personally manages includes lists of applications, packages, and components for Lubuntu ^{[3] [17]} .

In August 2009, the first test release of the Live CD was released , while without the possibility of installation ^{[18] [19]} .

On December 30, 2009, an alpha release of Lubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx Alpha 1 "Preview" was released for early testing, followed by Alpha 2 on January 24 and Alpha 3 on February 26, 2010 ^{[20] [21] [22] [23]} On March 19, the first beta release was released - Lubuntu Lucid Beta 1. ^[24] . On April 12, the second beta release is released, which includes a lot of fixes and improvements, in particular, in the work of the Live CD ^[25] . The latest beta version of Lubuntu, Lubuntu Lucid Beta 3, is released on April 24 ^[26] .

On May 2, 2010, the final version of Lubuntu 10.04 Lucid Stable Beta will be released ^[27] . Since Lubuntu was not yet included in the list of official Ubuntu distributions at this time, the developers decided not to call 10.04 a stable release, but only a stable beta version ^[27] . It is expected that the final release will be version 11.04. The first version of Lubuntu 11.04, Alpha 1, was released on December 3, 2010, one day behind schedule ^[28] Alpha 2 was released on February 8, 2011, several days behind the schedule.

Lenny became the mascot for Lubuntu in 2014 ^[29] .

Lubuntu developer Simon Kvigley announced in August 2018 that Lubuntu 20.10 will use Wayland by default ^[30] .

Initial testing by Christopher Smart, columnist for Linux Magazine, showed that, compared to Xubuntu and Ubuntu , Lubuntu uses almost half the memory of a typical desktop installation, and almost three times less when booting from a Live CD ^[31] .

Lubuntu 16.04 includes the following applications:

Custom applications

• AbiWord - word processor
• Audacious - Audio Player
• Mozilla Firefox - browser
• Evince - view pdf
• Galculator - calculator
• Gnumeric - spreadsheet
• guvcview webcam
• LightDM - Display Manager
• GNOME- MPlayer - video player
• mtPaint - graphic editor
• Pidgin - instant messaging client
• Scrot - making screenshots
• Simple Scan - Scan
• Sylpheed - email client
• Synaptic - package manager
• Transmission - BitTorrent Client
• Update manager
• File-roller - archiver
• Xfburn - burn CD
• Xpad - notes
• XScreenSaver - screen saver

From LXDE

• GPicView - view images
• Leafpad - text editor
• LXAppearance
• Lxde common
• LXDM
• Lxlauncher
• Lxpanel
• LXRandr
• Lxsession
• LXSession Edit
• LXShortCut
• Lxterminal
• Menu-Cache
• Openbox - window manager
• PCManFM - file manager

Lubuntu also has access to the Ubuntu repository via the Synaptic package manager , which allows you to install applications available for Ubuntu.

Lubuntu 10.04 LTS

On December 30, 2009, the first version of Alpha 1 “Preview” for Lubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx became available for testing ^{[49] [50]} , and Alpha 2 on January 24, 2010 ^{[51] [52]} . The first beta version was released on March 20, 2010 ^[53] , and the stable version of Lubuntu April 10 was released on May 2, 2010, four days after the main Ubuntu release date - April 28, 2010 ^[54] .

Lubuntu 10.04 was only released as a 32-bit ISO file , but users could install the 64-bit version via the 64-bit Mini ISO and then install the necessary packages ^{[55] [56]} .

Lubuntu 10.04 was not prepared as a release with long-term support (LTS), unlike Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx, and had to be maintained only for 18 months. However, since Ubuntu 10.10 infrastructure Maverick Meerkat (and therefore Lubuntu 10.10) refused to support i586 processors, including VIA C3 processors, AMD K6 and AMD Geode / National Semiconductor, the release of Lubuntu 10.10 prompted the community to expand support for Lubuntu 10.04 until April 2013 as if it were a version with long-term support ^[57] .

In September 2010, lead developer Julien Lavergne announced that the Lubuntu project did not receive official status as a derivative from Ubuntu as part of the Ubuntu 10.04 release cycle, but this work will be continued for this purpose for Ubuntu 10.10. Laverg explained the reasons:

Lubuntu 10.10

Lubuntu 10.10 was released on October 10, 2010 , on the same day as Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat, but it was not compiled with the same basic infrastructure as Ubuntu 10.10 ^{[60] [61] [62]} . Developer Julien Lavergne said this: “Lubuntu is not really part of the Ubuntu family, and is not compiled with the existing Ubuntu infrastructure. This release is considered “stable beta”, the result of which can be final and stable if we were included in the Ubuntu family. ” Version 10.10 introduced a new work for distribution, including new panel backgrounds and menus, a new Openbox theme, a new Lubuntu menu logo, images and wallpapers ^[63] . Lubuntu 10.10 was not accepted as an official derivative of Ubuntu at this point of release due to “lack of integration with the Canonical and Ubuntu infrastructure, but work continues on this goal. Lubuntu 10.10 was released only as a 32-bit ISO file, but users could install the 64-bit version through the 64-bit Mini ISO and then install the necessary packages.

The developer Julien Lavergne wrote that, although 10.10 included many changes over 10.04, not all changes were considered improvements. Improvements included a new theme developed by Rafael Laguna, the inclusion of a notepad xpad, Ace-of-Penguins games, LXTask LXDE task manager instead of Xfce , replacing PDF epdfview reader Evince due to leakage problems and removing pyneighborhood. The drawbacks included the last minute rewriting of the installer to properly integrate it, which led to some installation instability and an increase in the minimum RAM from 180 MB to 256 MB. Another problem was the creation of the Ubuntu Update Manager, which increased the use of RAM by 10 MB. In Lubuntu 10.04 there was no indication of the availability of updates, therefore it was deemed necessary ^[64] .

The minimum system requirements for Lubuntu 10.10 were described by Mario Beling as “comparable to Pentium II or Celeron systems with a 128 MB RAM configuration, which can lead to a slow but usable system with lubuntu.” Chief developer Julien Lavergne said that the minimum RAM for installing Lubuntu 10.10 is 256 MB.

Lubuntu 11.04

The project announced the development schedule in November 2010 ^{[65] [66] [67]} , and Lubuntu 11.04 was released on April 28, 2011 ^[68] .

The Lubuntu 11.04 ISO file was only released for 32-bit computers , but users could install the 64-bit version through the 64-bit Mini ISO and then install the necessary packages. An unofficial 64-bit ISO 11.04 was also released by Kendall Weaver of Peppermint OS ^[69] .

Improvements in Lubuntu 11.04 included replacing Aqualung with Audacious as the default music player , eliminating hardware abstraction levels, introducing mobile wallpaper icons, Ubuntu default font, improved menu translations, and reorganized menus. The release also features a new default theme and artwork designed by Raphael Laguna, known as Ozone, which is partially based on the Bluebird default theme of Xubuntu ^{[70] [71]} .

Lubuntu 11.04 can be run with just 128 MB of RAM, but to install using the graphical installer, 256 MB of RAM is required.

Although Lubuntu 11.04 did not complete the official status of a member of the Ubuntu family, Mario Beling said: “The following objectives of the project are clear. In addition to continually improving distribution, the lubuntu project aims to become the official flavor of Ubuntu. ” ^[72]

Mark Shuttleworth remarked to the Lubuntu developers after release April 11: “Thank you for the excellent work and progress of Lubuntu over the past 2 years. The fact that you are now 100% archived and using PPA and other tools efficiently allows us to consider recognizing Lubuntu as an official part of the project ... From my point of view, I see no problems in providing Lubuntu with means for booking UDS Ubuntu sessions Developer Summit and for us to draw attention to Lubuntu in the release notes for the project. ... Our goal with Ubuntu is to ensure that the archive contains the full wealth of free software. LXDE is definitely part of this, and with other desktop environments that have high demands on PC resources, LXDE continues to play an important role. ”

Lubuntu 11.10

Lubuntu 11.10 was the first version of Lubuntu with official sanction as a member of the Ubuntu family. As part of this status change, Lubuntu 11.10 used the latest Ubuntu infrastructure, and the ISO files were placed by Ubuntu. There were not many new features in the release, since the work focused on integration with Ubuntu ^{[73] [74] [75] [76]} .

Version 11.10 was released on October 13, 2011, the same day that Ubuntu 11.10 was released.

In September 2011, it was announced that work on the Lubuntu program center would continue. Ubuntu Software Center is too resource-intensive for Lubuntu, so Lubuntu uses the less convenient Synaptic package manager in recent releases. The development of a new lightweight application manager for Lubuntu is designed to fix this problem, although users can, of course, install the Ubuntu Software Center using Synaptic ^[77] .

Changes in Lubuntu 11.10 include that it was built with the official Ubuntu build system using current packages by default, alternative installation and 64-bit ISOs were provided, using xfce4-power-manager, new microblogging client, pidgin-microblog and Raphael's new theme Lagoons

Lubuntu 11.10 requires at least 128 MB of RAM and 256 MB of RAM for installation with a graphical installer. The recommended minimum RAM for running a Live CD session is 384 MB ^[78] .

The ISO Lubuntu 11.10 file contains a known issue that prevents it from loading a Live CD session on any hardware, but instead is loaded into the command line. Users must type sudo start lxdm at the prompt to start a live cd session.

Lubuntu 12.04 LTS

Lubuntu 12.04 was released on April 26, 2012 ^{[79] [80]} . Planning for this release took place at the Ubuntu Developers Summit, which took place in early November 2011. Changes planned for release at the time included using LightDM as an XDM controller and Blueman instead of gnome-bluetooth to control Bluetooth devices.

In this release, the Lubuntu software center has been added, providing a more convenient graphical interface for managing applications. The Synaptic Package Manager is still installed by default and allows users to manage all packages in the system. GDebi allows you to install downloaded packages * .deb.

Lubuntu 12.04 was released with Linux 3.2.14, and also introduced a large number of bug fixes, especially on LXPanel and in the PCManFM file manager. The Ubuntu Backports repository was enabled by default, which means that the backport packages were not installed by default, but after installation they were automatically updated to newer versions.

Lubuntu 12.10

Lubuntu 12.10 was released on October 18, 2012 and includes a new version of Session Manager with additional settings and integration capabilities ^{[81] [82] [83] [84] [85]} . It also includes a new version of PCManFM with support for external thumbnails. This version has new illustrations, including new wallpapers, a new set of icons called “Lands” and custom GTK + themes ^[86] . The daemon notification was replaced with xfce4-notifyd during the default installation. Previous versions of Lubuntu did not have a GUI search function, so the Catfish search utility was added to the default installation.

This version of Lubuntu uses the Linux 3.5.5 kernel , Python 3.2, and OpenJDK 7 as the default Java implementation.

The installation requires a processor with physical address extensions ( PAE ), which indicates an Intel Pentium Pro processor and a newer processor, with the exception of most Pentium M versions with a frequency of 400 MHz. In the case of PowerPCs, it was tested on a PowerPC G4 running on 867 MHz with 640 MB of RAM , and will also work on all Intel-based Macs. There is also a version that supports the ARM architecture , but the developers currently provide installation instructions for only one ARM-based device ( Toshiba netbook AC100) ^[87] .

This release of Lubuntu does not support UEFI Secure Boot , unlike Ubuntu 12.10, which would allow it to work on hardware designed for Windows 8 . Lubuntu 12.10 can be run on UEFI secure boot hardware by disabling the secure boot feature.

Lubuntu 13.04

Lubuntu 13.04 was released on April 25, 2013 ^[88] .

This version includes only minor changes compared to Lubuntu 12.10, including the new version of the PCManFM file manager, which includes a built-in search utility. Because of this particular file manager update, the Catfish search utility was no longer required and was removed. Lubuntu 13.04 also introduced some improvements with new wallpaper suggestions, new icons and a new slideshow for installation ^{[89] [90]} .

The minimum system requirements for Lubuntu 13.04 are a Pentium II or Celeron processor with PAE support, 128 MB of RAM and at least 2 GB of hard disk space . This release also still supports the PowerPC architecture, requiring a G4 867 MHz processor and 640 MB of RAM.

Lubuntu 13.10

Julien Lavergne announced in June 2013 that Lubuntu 13.10 will ship with Firefox as the default browser instead of Chromium. This release also used LightDM to lock the screen and turned on zRam ^{[91] [92]}

The final release included only minor changes over 13.04. It included the new version of PCManFM , which includes a file search function that allows you to delete the Catfish desktop. Also new illustrations were added and bugs for gnome -mplayer and gpicview image viewers were fixed.

Lubuntu 14.04 LTS

Tentative plans were announced in April 2013 to create Lubuntu 14.04 with a long-term support release ^{[93] [94] [95]} . In November 2013, it was confirmed that 04/14 will be the first release of the Lubuntu LTS with three years of support. In this release, xscreensaver has also been replaced with a light-locker lock ^[96] .

Released on April 17, 2014 , Lubuntu 14.04 included only minor updates compared to version 13.10, along with a more functional file manager ^[97] .

Downloadable media for Lubuntu 14.04 is available on 32-bit PCs , 64-bit PCs, 64-bit Macs and PowerPC Macs. For early Intel Macs with a 32-bit Core Solo processor, a 32-bit image is available.

Lubuntu 14.10

This release, released on October 23, 2014, was originally intended for the LXDE version based on the Qt set and was called LXQt , but the development of the latter was postponed, and this function was not implemented on time ^{[98] [99] [100]} .

Lubuntu 14.10 included general bug fixes in preparation for the introduction of LXQt, updated LXDE components, and new works, including more icons and theme updates.

Lubuntu 15.04

Released on April 23, 2015, Lubuntu 15.04 consisted mainly of bug fixes, since the project was prepared for the planned transition to LXQt in Lubuntu 15.10 ^{[101] [102] [103] [104]} . The Lubuntu Box theme has been updated and merged into the Ubuntu Light theme to include the latest GTK + features, including new headings for native GNOME applications, as well as improved illustrations and icons.

Minimum system requirements for this release include: 512 MB of RAM, 1 GB recommended, and a Pentium 4 or Pentium M or AMD K8 processor. The release notes include graphics cards: " Nvidia / AMD / ATI Radeon and Intel work out of the box."

Marius Nestor from Softpedia noted: "... the Lubuntu 15.04 operating system comes with updated images, including an updated theme, more beautiful icons, and an updated GTK + infrastructure for better compatibility with Qt applications" ^[105] .

Lubuntu 15.10

Released on October 22, 2015 , Lubuntu 15.10 was originally planned to switch to LXQt with Qt instead of the GTK + libraries used by LXDE, but in June 2015 it was postponed until a future version. The release came out as a minor bug fix and application version update ^{[106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112]} .

Changes in these versions included new illustrations, iBus replaced by Fcitx, allowing you to include fonts for Chinese, Japanese and Korean. The lubuntu-extra-sessions package is now optional.

The minimum system requirements for this release are: “For advanced Internet services, such as Google+ , YouTube , Google Docs, and Facebook , your computer requires about 1 GB of RAM. For local programs like LibreOffice and simple browsing habits, your computer requires about 512 MB of RAM. The minimum specification for a processor is a Pentium 4 or Pentium M or AMD K8. Older processors are too slow, and AMD K7 has problems with flash video. Nvidia / AMD / ATI Radeon and Intel work out of the box or the system can be optimized to work quite easily. "

Lubuntu 16.04 LTS

Released April 21, 2016, Lubuntu April 16, 2016 is a long-term support (LTS) version supported for three years, until April 2019. This is the second LTS version of Lubuntu after April 14th, released in April 2014. ^[113]

This release saves the LXDE desktop environment and does not make the transition to LXQt in order to better test LXQt in subsequent non-LTS releases. ^{[114] [115]}

This release is too large to fit on a CD , and requires a DVD or USB flash drive for installation. Lubuntu 16.04 LTS is basically a bug fix, but also includes several new features and updated wallpaper. The system requirements remain the same: 512 MB of RAM (1 GB is recommended) and a Pentium 4 processor , Pentium M , AMD K8 or later. ^{[116] [117]}

The first corrective version, 16.04.1, was released on July 21, 2016. The Lubuntu 16.04.2 release was postponed several times, but eventually it was released on February 17, 2017. Lubuntu 16.04.3 was released on August 3, 2017. Release Lubuntu 16.04.4 February 15, 2018 was detained and released on March 1, 2018. The release of Lubuntu 16.04.5 is scheduled for August 2, 2018. ^{[118] [119] [120] [121]}

March 8, 2017 a new version of Mozilla Firefox browser, 52.0, came through the update system. This version removed ALSA audio support in Firefox in favor of PulseAudio . This was not indicated in the change description of the Mozilla browser. Since Lubuntu 16.04 LTS comes only with ALSA audio, this broke the default audio system in the default Lubuntu browser. In response to a bug report, Mozilla developers refused to fix the problem. ^[122] As a result, for correct operation of the browser, PulseAudio is also installed during the update.

Lubuntu 16.10

Lubuntu 16.10 was released on October 13, 2016. ^[123] It also uses LXDE and not LXQt . ^[124] The implementation of the LXQt was postponed until 17.04. ^[125]

The release also carries only minor bug fixes, updated LXDE desktop components and updated artwork, in particular wallpaper.

Recommended Developer System Requirements in this version were, “for advanced Internet services like Google+, YouTube, Google Drive and Facebook, your computer must have at least 1 GB of RAM. For local programs like LibreOffice and simple Internet surfing, your computer should have at least 512 MB of RAM. The minimum specification for the processor: Pentium 4 or Pentium M or AMD K8. Older processors are too slow and AMD K7 has problems with flash video. ”

Joey Sneddon from OMG Ubuntu noted that at 16.10 there are very few new features, but that he no longer uses the Lubuntu App Center, switching to GNOME Software, like Ubuntu. Sneddon writes “Lubuntu 16.10 largely coincides with Lubuntu 16.04 LTS as the work on switching to the LXQt desktop — expected in the next release — continues.” ^[126] In the July 2016 article, Sneddon noted the new wallpaper design for Lubuntu on October 16, saying: “the jagged geometric design of the new wallpaper is one of the most noticeable visual changes in recent years.” ^[127]

Marius Nestor from Softpedia wrote: “It seems that there are many known problems in this version, so if you are using Lubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus), we do not recommend upgrading to Lubuntu 16.10, or at least read about them before updating . " ^[128]

Lubuntu 17.04

Lubuntu 17.04 was released on April 13, 2017. ^[129] Like previous releases, it uses LXDE and not LXQt, since the transition to LXQt in Lubuntu was delayed again, this time until 17.10. ^[130]

This release includes the Linux 4.10 kernel, updated LXDE desktop components, bug fixes, and new artwork. Recommended System Requirements - 1 GB of RAM (512 MB minimum) and minimum Pentium 4, Pentium M or AMD K8 processor. ^[131]

Joey Sneddon of OMG Ubuntu said about this release that it mainly fixes bugs and major applications and system updates, and not visually noticeable changes. ^[132]

Lubuntu 17.10

Lubuntu 17.10 was released on October 19, 2017. ^[133]

This release fixes errors in the run-up to LXQt. Also included are new versions of LXDE components and a new artwork. The minimum system requirements for this version remain: 512 MB of RAM (1 GB is recommended) and the processor is not weaker than a Pentium 4, Pentium M or AMD K8. ^{[134] [135]}

An alternative version called Lubuntu Next 17.10 was provided with the LXQt 0.11.1 desktop environment. “Although this version is available for installation ... We DO NOT RECOMMEND people use it in production if they do not know the critical errors present (which are more than 10 at the time of writing). Nor would it be a bad idea to be in contact with us, ”wrote Lubuntu developer Simon Quigley. ^[136]

Lubuntu 18.04 LTS

Lubuntu 18.04 is a version with long-term support and was released on April 26, 2018 ^{[137] [138]} .

Like all previous releases, 18.04 LTS uses the LXDE desktop, although it continues to move to the LXQt desktop, and also has a separate release of Lubuntu Next.

This release includes new illustrations, including new wallpapers.

The system requirements for Lubuntu 18.04 LTS include at least 1 GB of RAM , although for best performance it is recommended to use 2 GB, and a Pentium 4 processor, Pentium M or AMD K8 CPU or newer. RAM requirements increased with Lubuntu 18.04.

Lubuntu 18.10

In the announcement of May 14, 2018 , the developers of the distribution kit finally stated that Lubuntu will switch to the LXQt GUI in the Lubuntu version of 18.10, which will be released in October 2018 . This transition was planned after the release of Lubuntu 18.04 LTS to begin testing and developing three versions from LXQt before the release of the first version with long-lasting support from LXQt, Lubuntu 20.04 LTS. The project changed its logo in early April 2018 ^{[10] [139] [140]} .

There are many unofficial Lubuntu assemblies, but most of them are outdated because they are not supported by their authors. Only one build based on Lubuntu 12.04 is known.

A highly specialized OEM assembly based on Lubuntu 12.04 for OEMs from UALinux has also appeared .

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  Lubuntu 10.04

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  Lubuntu 10.10

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  Lubuntu 11.04

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  Lubuntu 11.10

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  Lubuntu 12.04 LTS

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  Lubuntu 12.10

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  Lubuntu 13.04

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  Lubuntu 13.10

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  Lubuntu 14.04 LTS

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  Lubuntu 14.10

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  Lubuntu 15.04

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  Lubuntu 15.10

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  Lubuntu 16.04 LTS

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  Lubuntu 16.10

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  Lubuntu 17.04

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  Lubuntu 17.10

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  Lubuntu 18.04 LTS

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  Lubuntu 18.10

• Lxde
• elementary OS

• lubuntu.me — официальный сайт Lubuntu (англ.)
• Lubuntu — Ubuntu Wiki (англ.)
• Сайт русскоязычного сообщества Lubuntu (рус.)